Linguistic Distance and the Language Fluency of Immigrants
Title | Linguistic Distance and the Language Fluency of Immigrants PDF eBook |
Author | Ingo Eduard Isphording |
Publisher | |
Pages | 26 |
Release | 2011 |
Genre | |
ISBN | 9783867883191 |
Linguistic Distance and the Language Fluency of Immigrants
Title | Linguistic Distance and the Language Fluency of Immigrants PDF eBook |
Author | Ingo E. Isphording |
Publisher | |
Pages | 37 |
Release | 2019 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
We use a newly available measure of linguistic distance developed by the German Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology to explain heterogeneity in language skills of immigrants. This measure is based on an automatical algorithm comparing pronunciation and vocabulary of language pairs. Using data from the German Socio-Economic Panel covering the period from 1997 to 2003, the linguistic distance measure is applied within a human capital framework of language acquisition. It is shown that linguistic distance is the most important determinant for host country language acquisition and that it explains a large fraction of language skill heterogeneity between immigrants. By lowering the efficiency and imposing higher costs of language learning, the probability of reporting good language skills is decreasing by increasing linguistic distance.
English Language Fluency Among Immigrants in the United States
Title | English Language Fluency Among Immigrants in the United States PDF eBook |
Author | Barry R. Chiswick |
Publisher | |
Pages | 0 |
Release | 2010 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
This paper analyzes the determinants of English language fluency among adult foreign-born men and women in the United States. It shows that fluency rates are higher among those for whom the benefits of English language fluency are greater and the costs are lower. The data are from the PUMS file of the 1990 Census of Population and a set of variables added to the Census file. The latter variables include a minority language concentration measure, an index of linguistic distance between English and the origin language, the geographic distance from the origin to the U.S., the return migration rate from the U.S., and a measure of the extent of foreign language media (i.e., the number of radio stations in Spanish). The language model is based on the integrating of migration theory and human capital theory. The conceptual variables (exposure, efficiency and economic variables) are converted into empirically measurable variables. It is shown that the model is very robust. In particular, fluency rates are higher for those with more schooling, who immigrated at a younger age, who lived in the U.S. a longer period of time, who live in areas with fewer origin language speakers, and, among women, who have fewer and younger children. Fluency rates are also higher for those with less access to origin language media, with a lower probability of returning to the origin, whose country of origin is geographically further from the U.S., and whose origin language is linguistically closer to English.
The Economics of Language
Title | The Economics of Language PDF eBook |
Author | Barry R. Chiswick |
Publisher | Routledge |
Pages | 929 |
Release | 2007-03-08 |
Genre | Business & Economics |
ISBN | 113598204X |
Written by two internationally renowned experts in the field, this book explores the determinants of dominant language proficiency among immigrants and other linguistic minorities and the consequences of this proficiency for the labour market.Using empirical material from a range of countries, including the USA, Canada, Australia and Bolivia, the a
The Language Ability of U.S. Immigrants
Title | The Language Ability of U.S. Immigrants PDF eBook |
Author | Geoffrey Carliner |
Publisher | |
Pages | 33 |
Release | 1995 |
Genre | English language |
ISBN |
This paper uses data from the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census of Population to examine the English language skills of natives and immigrants. The first main finding is that lack of fluency in spoken English is rare among native- born Americans. In 1990, 98.4 % of natives aged 18 to 64 reported to the U.S. in large numbers during the past 30 years, such as Hispanics and East Asians a substantial fraction were not fluent when they entered grade school, but at most 3-5% of teenagers and adults in these groups reported speaking English poorly or not at all. Second the vast majority of immigrants speak English well. In 1990, only 1/4 of immigrants reported speaking English poorly or not at all, though more than 1/2 of Mexicans and 1/3 of immigrants from other non- English speaking western hemisphere countries could not speak proper English. Although English skills improve with length of residence, after 30 or more years in the U.S. over 1/4 of Mexican immigrants spoke English poorly or not at all. Third, since the 1950s there has been a trend decrease in the probability of fluency (speaking only English or speaking it very well) among new immigrants of about 0.1 % per year, caused by the shift from European immigrants with strong English skills to Latin American and East Asian immigrants who arrive speaking less English. Overall, women are slightly more likely to be fluent than men, especially East Asian and European women. Even after controlling for differences in education, years since arrival and other factors, large differences in English skills by region of origin remain. These differences seem to be more associated with geographic distance from the U.S. than with the source country's per capita income or linguistic distance from English
Immigrants' Language Skills and Visa Category
Title | Immigrants' Language Skills and Visa Category PDF eBook |
Author | Barry R. Chiswick |
Publisher | |
Pages | 56 |
Release | 2002 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
Linguistic Barriers in the Destination Language Acquisition of Immigrants
Title | Linguistic Barriers in the Destination Language Acquisition of Immigrants PDF eBook |
Author | Ingo E. Isphording |
Publisher | |
Pages | 50 |
Release | 2014 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
There are various degrees of similarity between the languages of different immigrants and the language of their destination country. This linguistic distance is an obstacle to the acquisition of a language, which leads to large differences in the attainments of the language skills necessary for economic and social integration in the destination country. This study aims at quantifying the influence of linguistic distance on the language acquisition of immigrants in the US and in Germany. Drawing from comparative linguistics, we derive a measure of linguistic distance based on the automatic comparison of pronunciations. We compare this measure with three other linguistic and non-linguistic approaches in explaining self-reported measures of language skills. We show that there is a strong initial disadvantage from the linguistic origin for language acquisition, while the effect on the steepness of assimilation patterns is ambiguous in Germany and the US.