Can Parliament and the Union Government deprive Indians of their cultural heritage right to monuments? How has this deprivation been achieved by using the legislative process? Has the judicial culture of the Supreme Court been able to return to Indians this cultural heritage right? Can nationally important monuments be protected in a contrary political economy? How to retrieve and restore to Indians the fundamental right to the distinct culture of monuments by understanding what a monument is?

Considering an under-researched dimension of political violence, this interdisciplinary collection provides an extensive examination of terrorist victimisation. It explores how individual and public experiences of victimisation are constructed and how they are shaped by existing dynamics of violence.

In recent decades the debate among scholars, lawyers, politicians and others about how societies deal with their past has been constant and intensive. 'Legal Institutions and Collective Memories' situates the processes of transitional justice at the intersection between legal procedures and the production of collective and shared meanings of the past. Building upon the work of Maurice Halbwachs, this collection of essays emphasises the extended role and active involvement of contemporary law and legal institutions in public discourse about the past, and explores their impact on the shape that collective memories take in the course of time. The authors uncover a complex pattern of searching for truth, negotiating the past and cultivating the art of forgetting. Their contributions explore the ambiguous and intricate links between the production of justice, truth and memory. The essays cover a broad range of legal institutions, countries and topics. These include transitional trials as 'monumental spectacles' as well as constitutional courts, and the restitution of property rights in Central and Eastern Europe and Australia. The authors explore the biographies of victims and how their voices were repressed, as in the case of Korean Comfort Women. They explore the role of law and legal institutions in linking individual and collective memories in the transitional period through processes of lustration, and they analyse divided memories about the past and their impact on future reconciliation in South Africa. The collection offers a genuinely comparative approach, allied to cutting-edge theory

This publication presents a subject that is, unfortunately, as significant today as it was two years ago. Sadly, this continuing relevance seems to confirm the views of the German radical pacifist Kurt Tucholsky, who stated in response to the atrocities and sufferings of WWI: “But men never ever learnt from history, and they will not do so in the future. Hic Rhodus!” Recent events in Iraq, the Middle East, East Timor or the Democratic Republic of Congo, and possible links regarding issues of terrorism, raise the question what criminological and victimological research offers in assisting to break vicious spirals of ignorance of gross human rights violations and the immense human sufferings in the context of armed conflicts and terrorism. The answer to this question still remains open. Yet, this publication confirms the substantial willingness to ‘learn’ from the past by critically reviewing large-scale victimisation arising out of protracted conflicts in order to better understanding the necessary prerequisites for enduring peace-making in post-conflict societies and to anticipate and suggest approaches to healing victimising effects.

The present edition of the Human Rights in Development Yearbook is the thirteenth edition in this series. With this volume, the yearbook’s formal structure has shifted from that of a journal to a thematic anthology. The theme of this year’s volume is “Reparations: Redressing Past Wrongs”. The articles contained in the publication primarily stem from contributions prepared for a conference entitled “The Right to Compensation and Related Remedies for Racial Discrimination” that was hosted by the Danish Centre for Human Rights in April 2001. The conference was organised in anticipation of the World Conference Against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, which was held in Durban in September 2001. The publication consists of 15 articles divided into four main parts addressing the subjects of “Reparations at the National and Regional Levels”, “Precedence and Standing of International Law”, “The Moral and Social Aspects of Reparation” and “Reflections”. Human Rights in Development is the result of a joint research project born out of longstanding co-operation between the following research institutes and centres for human rights: the Christian Michelsen Institute, Bergen; the Danish Centre for Human Rights, Copenhagen; the Icelandic Human Rights Centre, Reykjavik; the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Human Rights, Vienna; the International Centre for Human Rights and Democratic Development, Montreal; the Netherlands Institute of Human Rights, Utrecht; the Norwegian Institute of Human Rights, Oslo; the Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Lund and Åbo Academy University, Åbo.