Up-to-date practitioner's guide on LED packaging technologies, with application examples from relevant industries, historical insight, and outlook LED Packaging Technologies provides expert insight into current and future trends in LED packaging technologies, discussing the fundamentals of LED packaging technologies, from electrical contact design, thermal management and optical emission, and extraction, to manufacturing technologies, including the JEDEC testing standards, followed by accounts on the main applications of these LED packages in the automotive, consumer electronics, and lighting industries. LED Packaging Technologies includes information on: History of primitive lighting in human civilization to the invention of modern LEDs based lighting, and historic evolution of LED packaging technology Basic light emission and extraction technology in LED packages, covering package design impacting light emission and extraction Medical industry applications of LED, especially in healthcare treatments, such as in skin rejuvenation and wound healing and closure Quantum confinement phenomena and size-dependent optical properties of quantum dots, and the advancement of future quantum dot LEDs Covering the fundamentals, design, and manufacturing of LED packaging technology and assisting in removing some of the barriers in development of LED packaging and new applications, LED Packaging Technologies is an essential source of information for engineers in the LED and lighting industries, as well as researchers in academia.

Since the first light-emitting diode (LED) was invented by Holonyak and Bevacqua in 1962, LEDs have made remarkable progress in the past few decades with the rapid development of epitaxy growth, chip design and manufacture, packaging structure, processes, and packaging materials. LEDs have superior characteristics such as high efficiency, small size, long life, low power consumption, and high reliability. The market for white LED is growing rapidly in various applications. It has been widely accepted that white LEDs will be the fourth illumination source to substitute the incandescent, fluorescent, and high-pressure sodium lamps. With the development of LED chip and packaging technologies, the efficiency of high power white LED will broaden the application markets of LEDs while changing the lighting concepts of our lives. In LED Packaging for Lighting Applications, Professors Liu and Luo cover the full spectrum of design, manufacturing, and testing. Many concepts are proposed for the first time, and readers will benefit from the concurrent engineering and co-design approaches to advanced engineering design of LED products. One of the only books to cover LEDs from package design to manufacturing to testing Focuses on the design of LED packaging and its applications such as road lights Includes design methods and experiences necessary for LED engineers, especially optical and thermal design Introduces novel LED packaging structures and manufacturing processes, such as ASLP Covers reliability considerations, the most challenging problem for the LED industry Provides measurement and testing standards, which are critical for LED development, for both LED and LED fixtures Codes and demonstrations available from the book’s Companion Website This book is ideal for practicing engineers working in design or packaging at LED companies and graduate students preparing for work in industry. This book also provides a helpful introduction for advanced undergraduates, graduates, researchers, lighting designers, and product managers interested in the fundamentals of LED design and production. Color version of selected figures can be found at www.wiley.com/go/liu/led

The multi-billion-dollar microsystem packaging business continues to play an increasingly important technical role in today’s information industry. The packaging process—including design and manufacturing technologies—is the technical foundation upon which function chips are updated for use in application systems, and it is an important guarantee of the continued growth of technical content and value of information systems. Introduction to Microsystem Packaging Technology details the latest advances in this vital area, which involves microelectronics, optoelectronics, RF and wireless, MEMS, and related packaging and assembling technologies. It is purposefully written so that each chapter is relatively independent and the book systematically presents the widest possible overview of packaging knowledge. Elucidates the evolving world of packaging technologies for manufacturing The authors begin by introducing the fundamentals, history, and technical challenges of microsystems. Addressing an array of design techniques for packaging and integration, they cover substrate and interconnection technologies, examples of device- and system-level packaging, and various MEMS packaging techniques. The book also discusses module assembly and optoelectronic packaging, reliability methodologies and analysis, and prospects for the evolution and future applications of microsystems packaging and associated environmental protection. With its research examples and targeted reference questions and answers to reinforce understanding, this text is ideal for researchers, engineers, and students involved in microelectronics and MEMS. It is also useful to those who are not directly engaged in packaging but require a solid understanding of the field and its associated technologies.

Promoting the design, application and evaluation of visually and electrically effective LED light sources and luminaires for general indoor lighting as well as outdoor and vehicle lighting, this book combines the knowledge of LED lighting technology with human perceptual aspects for lighting scientists and engineers. After an introduction to the human visual system and current radiometry, photometry and color science, the basics of LED chip and phosphor technology are described followed by specific issues of LED radiometry and the optical, thermal and electric modeling of LEDs. This is supplemented by the relevant practical issues of pulsed LEDs, remote phosphor LEDs and the aging of LED light sources. Relevant human visual aspects closely related to LED technology are described in detail for the photopic and the mesopic range of vision, including color rendering, binning, whiteness, Circadian issues, as well as flicker perception, brightness, visual performance, conspicuity and disability glare. The topic of LED luminaires is discussed in a separate chapter, including retrofit LED lamps, LED-based road and street luminaires and LED luminaires for museum and school lighting. Specific sections are devoted to the modularity of LED luminaires, their aging and the planning and evaluation methods of new LED installations. The whole is rounded off by a summary and a look towards future developments.

Reliability and Failure Analysis of High-Power LED Packaging provides fundamental understanding of the reliability and failure analysis of materials for high-power LED packaging, with the ultimate goal of enabling new packaging materials. This book describes the limitations of the present reliability standards in determining the lifetime of high-power LEDs due to the lack of deep understanding of the packaging materials and their interaction with each other. Many new failure mechanisms are investigated and presented with consideration of the different stresses imposed by varying environmental conditions. The detailed failure mechanisms are unique to this book and will provide insights for readers regarding the possible failure mechanisms in high-power LEDs. The authors also show the importance of simulation in understanding the hidden failure mechanisms in LEDs. Along with simulation, the use of various destructive and non-destructive tools such as C-SAM, SEM, FTIR, Optical Microscopy, etc. in investigation of the causes of LED failures are reviewed. The advancement of LEDs in the last two decades has opened vast new applications for LEDs which also has led to harsher stress conditions for high-power LEDs. Thus, existing standards and reliability tests need to be revised to meet the new demands for high-power LEDs. - Introduces the failure mechanisms of high-power LEDs under varying environmental conditions and methods of how to test, simulate, and predict them - Describes the chemistry underlying the material degradation and its impact on LEDs - Discusses future directions of new packaging materials for improved performance and reliability of high-power LEDs

A practical introduction to state-of-the-art freeform optics design for LED packages and applications By affording designers the freedom to create complex, aspherical optical surfaces with minimal or no aberrations, freeform design transcends the constraints imposed by hundreds of years of optics design and fabrication. Combining unprecedented design freedom with precise light irradiation control, freeform optics design is also revolutionizing the design and manufacture of high quality LED lighting. The first and only book of its kind, Freeform Optics for LED Packages and Applications helps put readers at the forefront of the freeform optics revolution. Designed to function as both an authoritative review of the current state of the industry and a practical introduction to advanced optical design for LED lighting, this book makes learning and mastering freeform optics skills simpler and easier than ever before with: Real-world examples and case studies systematically describing an array of algorithms and designs—from new freeform algorithms to design methods to advanced optical designs Coding for all freeform optics algorithms covered—makes it easier and more convenient to start developing points of freeform optics and construct lenses or reflectors, right away Case studies of a range of products, including designs for a freeform optics LED bulb, an LED spotlight, LED street lights, an LED BLU, and many more Freeform Optics for LED Packages and Applications is must-reading for optical design engineers and LED researchers, as well as advanced-level students with an interest in LED lighting. It is also an indispensable working resource design practitioners within the LED lighting industry.