Desde la publicación del Estatuto de los Trabajadores en 1980 hasta la última reforma laboral del Real Decreto Ley 32/2021, la regulación del mercado laboral español ha vivido diversas modificaciones, pero siempre enfocadas a la disminución de dos porcentajes: el de las personas desempleadas y el de las contratadas temporales. En estas páginas se abordan las ocho reformas laborales de una forma objetiva, evitando tecnicismos y utilizando fuentes de información diversa que nos permiten examinarlas desde diferentes puntos de vista. Las normas de contratación de la última reforma (28 de diciembre 2021) han entrado en vigor el 31 de marzo de 2022 y pretenden, sobre todo, incrementar el número de contratos indefinidos y reducir los temporales. En cuanto al porcentaje de personas desempleadas, inciden otros factores incontrolables, tal y como demuestra la historia reciente: la crisis económica global de 2008 y la crisis sanitaria, social y económica provocada por la pandemia de covid-19. Así pues, después de analizar las primeras siete reformas laborales y de estudiar la octava, quedamos atentos a los resultados de esta durante los próximos meses. Índice 1.INTRODUCCIÓN.- 2. LAS OCHO REFORMAS LABORALES.- Primera reforma laboral 1984.- Segunda reforma laboral. 1994.- Tercera reforma laboral. 1996.- Cuarta reforma laboral. 2001.- Quinta reforma laboral. 2006.- Conclusiones de las cinco primeras reformas laborales llevadas a cabo entre 1984 y 2006.- Sexta reforma laboral. 2010.- Séptima reforma laboral. 2012.- Conclusiones de la séptima reforma laboral.- Octava reforma laboral. 2021.- Disfunciones que pretende minimizar la octava reforma laboral.- 3. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES.- Conclusiones.- Recomendaciones. 4 REFERENCIAS.- Bibliografía.- Webgrafía (no exhaustiva).- 5. ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS.

In many EU Member States, the various economic crises of recent years provided grounds for a rarely equalled level of state intervention in the regulation of labour relations with an explicit aim: the decentralisation of collective bargaining. An extensive body of research – summed up and analysed expertly in the chapters of this very important book – reveals that the process of decentralisation has more often than not led to a situation where salaries and labour conditions are ever more frequently determined by direct negotiations between employer and employees, with the State becoming the sole guarantor of employee protection even as it encourages decreasing labour costs to ensure that companies remain competitive. The comparative approach offered in this book adds to this synthesis by providing examples of speci c recent developments in fourteen Member States and Turkey. Among the numerous topics and issues that arise are the following: – ‘opt-out’ clauses that derogate unfavourably from sectoral agreement standards; – extension of the employer’s unilateral decision-making power; – ‘memoranda of understanding’ imposed by the ‘troika’ (EU, ECB, and IMF); and – ‘stand-by arrangements’ imposed by the IMF. However, notwithstanding the strong emphasis on changing the structure of collective agreements by shifting the centre of gravity closer to the company, research nds promise in the reconstituted support for sector-level agreements increasingly found among very small businesses, networked businesses, and work via digital platforms. This is the rst book to take stock of the current state of collective bargaining in Europe. It is an essential study for labour and employment law practitioners, and an exemplary analysis of immeasurable value to policymakers and academics in the eld.

This timely analysis examines the complex state of youth unemployment across Europe and offers cogent policy suggestions for addressing this longstanding societal problem. The findings reveal numerous national and regional factors affecting youth joblessness—not only market and economic challenges, but also deep sociocultural and political dynamics underlying the situations. Coverage details how the standard transition from school to work is disrupted in an already depressed adult job market, and compares a wide range of responses in terms of both young people’s educational decision-making and national youth policy. In particular, contributors assess whether the current crop of Youth Guarantee programs can/should be a model for employment policy across the continent. Among the topics covered: Youth labour market prospects and recent policy developments. Youth labour market in Central and Eastern Europe. Early school dropout in Spain: evolution during the Great Recession. Overeducation among European university graduates: a constraint or a choice? Promoting youth employment in Europe: evidence-based policy lessons. The evaluation of a Finnish youth guarantee: lessons for Europe? European Youth Labour Markets is of interest to an international audience of economists, sociologists, and leaders in governmental, non-profit, and corporate sectors through its broad and comparative macroeconomic focus and implications for policymaking, research, resource allocation, and policy evaluation.

This book discusses the developments in policy and practice in the field of formal, non-formal and continuing vocational education and training in Spain since 1970. It describes how VET has been transformed and become one of the country’s main areas of pedagogical innovation, and also examines current developments, such as the role of non-formal vocational education and training, the accreditation of vocational qualifications acquired in the non-formal system, and the adoption of dual apprenticeships that bear little resemblance to central European dual systems. Written by respected researchers in these fields, the first section is informative and analytical, offering a description of the system and comments based on academic literature and research. The second section illustrates the research on relevant issues, portraying empirical data from different regions in Spain, as well as nationwide data. Explaining and interpreting data on the basis of the authors’ different theoretical frameworks, the book provides a comprehensive, updated and accurate overview of VET and relevant research in Spain, as well as their relation to European and global developments.

Policy concertation - the determination of public policy by means of agreements struck between governments, employers and trade unions - continues to thrive in Western Europe despite the impact of liberalizing trends that were expected to lead to its demise. This volume brings together a team of 23 experts with the aim to undertake paired historical and political studies of policy concertation in ten West European countries, which were then subjected to systematic comparative analysis. It shows that overall the incidence of broad policy concertation in Western Europe can be explained by the changing configurations of just three variables.

International debate has recently focused on increased inequalities and the adverse effects they may have on both social and economic developments. Income inequality, now at its highest level for the past half-century, may not only undermine the sustainability of European social policy but also put at risk Europe’s sustainable recovery. A common feature of recent reports on inequality (ILO, OECD, IMF, 2015–17) is their recognition that the causes emerge from mechanisms in the world of work. The purpose of this book is to investigate the possible role of industrial relations, and labour policies more generally, in reducing these inequalities.