This volume had its origins in an international symposium organised by the Cold Regions Research Centre, and held at Wilfrid Laurier University in November, 1999. The chapters are modified from a selection of the papers at the meeting, and reflect reviews and revisions in light of discussions then. The original idea for the meeting was to address certain questions that the organisers were encountering in their own work, and that we felt had received limited attention in the recent literature. The two broad issues we wanted to address were: the complex associations of actual landforms and processes in cold regions, and how the almost universal legacies of past, different cold environments of the late Quaternary affect these landscapes in the present. The former involves the problem of identifying landform and sediment complexes, and the interrelations of relevant processes. We sought to identify this in terms oflandform and sediment assemblages appropriate to regional and field-oriented concerns.

This book compiles available knowledge of the response of mountain ecosystems to recent climate and land use change and intends to bridge the gap between science, policy and the community concerned. The chapters present key concepts, major drivers and key processes of mountain response, providing transdisciplinary orientation to mountain studies incorporating experiences of academics, community leaders and policy-makers from developed and less developed countries. The book chapters are arranged in two sections. The first section concerns the response processes of mountain environments to climate change. This section addresses climate change itself (past, current and future changes of temperature and precipitation) and its impacts on the cryosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and human-environment systems. The second section focuses on the response processes of mountain environments to land use/land cover change. The case studies address effects of changing agriculture and pastoralism, forest/water resources management and urbanization processes, landscape management, and biodiversity conservation. The book is designed as an interdisciplinary publication which critically evaluates developments in mountains of the world with contributions from both social and natural sciences.

European rural landscapes as we experience them today are the result of ongoing processes and interactions between nature and society. These are changing fast: the future landscapes will be different from those we know currently. Written for academics, policy-makers and practitioners, this book is the first to explore the complex histories of rural landscapes in Europe as a basis for their sound governance in future. Tensions between the needs of agricultural spaces driven by economic incentives and a variety of non-agricultural functions are explored to demonstrate current challenges and the shortfalls in the policies that address them. Using inspiring case studies that highlight the roles of regional agents and communities, the authors go further than the usual analyses to illustrate the importance of local context. Written by experts currently working to revitalise the rural landscapes of Europe, the text concludes with suggestions for improving landscape policy and planning practice.

Agrarian Landscapes in Transition researches human interaction with the earth. With hundreds of acres of agricultural land going out of production every day, the introduction, spread, and abandonment of agriculture represents the most pervasive alteration of the Earth's environment for several thousand years. What happens when humans impose their spatial and temporal signatures on ecological regimes, and how does this manipulation affect the earth and nature's desire for equilibrium? Studies were conducted at six Long Term Ecological Research sites within the US, including New England, the Appalachian Mountains, Colorado, Michigan, Kansas, and Arizona. While each site has its own unique agricultural history, patterns emerge that help make sense of how our actions have affected the earth, and how the earth pushes back. The book addresses how human activities influence the spatial and temporal structures of agrarian landscapes, and how this varies over time and across biogeographic regions. It also looks at the ecological and environmental consequences of the resulting structural changes, the human responses to these changes, and how these responses drive further changes in agrarian landscapes. The time frames studied include the ecology of the earth before human interaction, pre-European human interaction during the rise and fall of agricultural land use, and finally the biological and cultural response to the abandonment of farming, due to complete abandonment or a land-use change such as urbanization.

The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy is one of the greatest challenges of the 21st century. Landscape and Energy is a ground-breaking book about the effect of this transition on our environment. This book Landscape and Energy. Designing Transition is the first to visually compare the spatial footprints of all relevant energy sources; it explains the driving forces behind the exponential growth of our use of energy and sketches the breath-taking task that lies ahead for spatial designers, planners and politicians. 0The options and choices for an emerging 'post-fossil landscape' are elaborated in a wide variety of case study designs. After all, energy is relevant at every scale and all levels of abstraction, from global political strategies to the solar panel on the roof. The challenges receive due attention in a series of essays on the energy market, the role of politics, the psychology of transition, and technical developments and constraints. Ultimately, the transition from fossil fuels to renewable sources of energy proves to be much more than a technical task for professionals. On closer consideration, the energy transition above all is a cultural task that affects everyone.

A presentation of the challenges of European rural landscape management, exploring alternatives that incorporate place-based approaches.

Brett McGillivray focuses first on the combination of physical processes that produced a spectacular variety of mountains, rivers, lakes, islands, fjords, forests, and minerals, explaining the forces that created the province and the natural hazards that can reshape it. A concise examination of B.C. historical geography follows, covering First Nations ways of life, colonization, Asian immigration, and the sad history of institutionalized racism. The second half of the book contains a detailed description of the economic geography of the province, with chapters on forestry, the salmon fishery, metal mining, energy supply and demand, agriculture, water, and the tourism industry. It addresses the present-day issues of urbanization, economic development, and resource management, providing a thorough background to these topics and suggesting what the future might hold. This up-to-date and comprehensive exploration of the rich historical geography and development of British Columbia will be welcomed by teachers, students, scholars, and everyone with an interest in the province.