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Although much of the recent writing on agrarian society in Ireland has concentrated on the peasantry, there also existed alongside the small farmers (and still exists today) another significant group of land occupiers. These were extensive farmers, commonly known as graziers or ranchers, who held large tracts of land and engaged in cattle and sheep grazing. In fact, certain areas of Ireland have been for generations mainly populated by graziers. They have been a cornerstone of the cattle and sheep industry, and thus a vital force in Ireland's agricultural economy. Their importance grew as the country shifted from a tillage- based to a pasture-based economy during the nineteenth century. Yet until now graziers have not been the subject of extensive study. Here David Seth Jones examines the ranching system and its role in the far-reaching political, social, and economic changes that overtook Ireland during the late eighteenth, nineteenth, and early twentieth centuries. Much of his inquiry relates to the period from 1880 to 1914, which includes the rise of the so- called ""eleven-month system,"" the land war, the anti-grazier agitation, and the commencement of a program of land distribution. The first part of this study considers the economic characteristics of ranch farming, its development, and the origins and position of the grazier in the rural community. Particular attention is given to the graziers' dependence and influence upon the land market. The latter part of the book examines how they responded to and were affected by the struggle for land reform and land distribution, and it deals at length with the rise of the anti-grazier agitation after 1900 and the ensuing program of distribution of ranch land. The study concludes with an examination of why the graziers failed to gain acceptance in the Irish agrarian community. Drawing upon a wide range of sources, including rental and farm accounts and other personal records (diaries, letters, notebooks, daybooks, as well as many official documents), this long-awaited, highly original study sheds much-needed light on the important role of the graziers in Irish history. It will be valuable reading for both scholars and students of Irish economic, social, and political history. David Seth Jones earned a Ph.D. in politics from Queen's University of Belfast in 1977. For three years he served as a professional officer in the Department of Agriculture of the Northern Ireland Civil Service, and for a further three years was a university lecturer in southern Africa. He is now senior lecturer in political science at the National University of Singapore, where he has taught since 1982.

This collection of essays explores the nature and dynamics of Ireland's land questions during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and also the ways in which the Irish land question has been written about by historians. The book makes a vital contribution to the study of historiography by including for the first time the reflections of a group of prominent historians on their earlier work. These historians consider their influences and how their views have changed since the publication of their books, so that these essays provide an ethnographic study of historians' thoughts on the shelf-life of books exploring the way history is made. The book will be of interest to historians of modern Ireland, and those interested in the revisionist debate in Ireland, as well as to sociologists and anthropologists studying Ireland or rural societies.

How diaspora activism in the Irish land movement intersected with wider radical and reform causes The Irish Land War represented a turning point in modern Irish history, a social revolution that was part of a broader ideological moment when established ideas of property and land ownership were fundamentally challenged. The Land War was striking in its internationalism, and was spurred by links between different emigrant locations and an awareness of how the Land League’s demands to lower rents, end evictions, and abolish “landlordism” in Ireland connected with wider radical and reform causes. Changing Land offers a new and original study of Irish emigrants’ activism in the United States, Argentina, Scotland, and England and their multifaceted relationships with Ireland. Niall Whelehan brings unfamiliar figures to the surface and recovers the voices of women and men who have been on the margins of, or entirely missing from, existing accounts. Retracing their transnational lives reveals new layers of radical circuitry between Ireland and disparate international locations, and demonstrates how the land movement overlapped with different types of oppositional politics from moderate reform to feminism to revolutionary anarchism. By including Argentina, which was home to the largest Irish community outside the English-speaking world, this book addresses the neglect of developments in non-Anglophone places in studies of the “Irish world.” Changing Land presents a powerful addition to our understanding of the history of modern Ireland and the Irish diaspora, migration, and the history of transnational radicalism.

Presents a comparative analysis of land issues and impact of reform across the British and Irish Isles, in Ireland, Scotland and Wales This book interrogates land issues and reform across the British and Irish Isles from c.1800 to 2021, with a particular focus on the period c.1830s-c.1940s. It builds on a rich body of work employing comparative approaches towards the 'Land Question' and the history of landed estates, drawing together fresh and original case studies which contextualise the historiographies of Ireland, England, Scotland and Wales. The contributors draw out similarities but also highlight the distinctive nature of land issues and reform programmes across the four nations of the British and Irish Isles. Key themes and issues discussed in the chapters include estate management and relationships between landowner and tenant; land reform agendas; legislative programmes and their impacts; landowner perspectives; and comparisons and contrasts between the experience of reform in the UK. Shaun Evans is Director of the Institute for the Study of Welsh Estates (ISWE) at Bangor University. Tony Mc Carthy is Visiting Fellow of the School of History, Classics and Archaeology at Newcastle University. Annie Tindley is Professor of British and Irish Rural History at Newcastle University.

This pamphlet makes use of the most recent revisionist literature to reassess the view, much propagated by nationalist sources, that Ireland was a land of impoverished peasants oppressed by English laws and absentee English landlords. The land question has always been closely linked to the development of Irish national consciousness, and greatly exercised the minds of English politicians in the latter part of the nineteenth century. The author examines the nature of English understanding of Irish problems, which was often limited or ignorant, and attributes to it much of the unsound and ineffective ligislation passed. The book is concerned less with questions of English party politics than with the situation in Ireland itself and with the nature of the English response to it.