Excerpt from Laboratory Guide for the Study of the Frog For the introductory study of the structure and physiol ogy of a typical vertebrate, there is no form better adapted than the common frog. To be sure, the frog is not so gen eralized in structure as the more primitive u'rodele; but this slight disadvantage is offset by the greater ease with which frogs may be obtained in large numbers, and the better de ve10pment of the hind limbs is favorable for the study of muscles. Since the more specialized structures of the frog are mainly concerned with its mode of locomotion, these adaptations do not markedly affect the internal organs other than the skeleton and the muscles. In order that the stu dent may realize in what respects the frog is modified from the primitive tetrapod type, comparison of the form and orientation of the body should be made with the more typi cal caudata; for this purpose articulated skeletons, as well as entire specimens, should be used. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from The Frog: A Laboratory Guide The frog needs no introduction to the zoological labora tory, where it has assisted many generations of students in acquiring their first knowledge Of vertebrate anatomy. As Professor Holmes writes in his Biology of the Frog, They are nice clean animals, easy to dissect and admirably fitted for physiological experimentation. In most localities they are easily collected and may be kept in the laboratory alive. All dealers in biological sup plies handle them both alive and preserved. Natural sources of supply are being augmented constantly by the development of frog-hatcheries to supply the commercial demand. The literature dealing with the frog is voluminous. No attempt is made in this guide to indicate more than a few of the books dealing with the anatomy of the frog which may be useful in supplementing this brief sketch. It has been held by some that the function of a laboratory guide is to ask the student what he finds instead of telling him what he is to find, but, in the experience of many teach ers, the problem type of laboratory manual is apt to waste the time of both instructor and student, and wear out the patience of both. It is the writer's opinion that the needs of the beginning anatomist are best served by presenting him with a straight-forward account of what he is to find in the specimen he is dissecting. If he encounters an anomaly or discovers the writer in a slip, he may be referred to larger manuals and to original contributions, and taste for himself the joys and hardships of research. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Excerpt from Laboratory Guide for the Study of the Frog For the introductory study of the structure and physiology of a typical vertebrate, there is no form better adapted than the common frog. The present course is based largely on the well-known works of Huxley, Marshall and Holmes; the author's task has been mainly that of simplification and adaptation, primarily to meet the needs of his own students. These directions are the outcome of eight years' experience in teaching the biology of the frog in the University of Michigan, Syracuse University, the University of Wisconsin and the Michigan State Normal College; the author is naturally much indebted to his former teachers and associates, particularly to Prof. S. J. Holmes. As a general rule, the order of topics in the text should be followed, since it is planned to give a distinct picture of each organ system in its relation to the whole, with the greatest economy of time and material. For pedagogical reasons an exception should be made in the case of certain histological topics: it seems best to begin the microscopical work with the study of some simple tissues, such as the stratum corneum, cartilage, and perhaps also blood, connective tissue and unstriated muscle fiber, before attempting the study of cross-sections of such complex structures as the alimentary canal and the kidney. By following the sequence of topics in this manual, all the study of gross anatomy, excepting the work on the circulatory system and the skeleton, may be done with a single specimen. In connection with the laboratory work the student should read the corresponding portions of Holmes' Biology of the Frog. As a rule the reading on a given topic should follow, rather than precede, the laboratory study of that topic. In case time is limited, the work may be shortened by a judicious omission of topics. The chapters on the eye and the ear, the thyroid glands, and even the skeleton and the muscles, may be omitted without serious detriment to the remainder of the work. In case material is limited, an entire frog may be saved for each student by omitting the special dissection of the venous system. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.