Se discute desde un punto de vista teórico, los diferentes enfoques de la política social y se analiza el fenómeno de la migración.

Chile was the first major Latin American nation to carry out a complete neoliberal transformation. Its policies—encouraging foreign investment, privatizing public sector companies and services, lowering trade barriers, reducing the size of the state, and embracing the market as a regulator of both the economy and society—produced an economic boom that some have hailed as a “miracle” to be emulated by other Latin American countries. But how have Chile’s millions of workers, whose hard labor and long hours have made the miracle possible, fared under this program? Through empirically grounded historical case studies, this volume examines the human underside of the Chilean economy over the past three decades, delineating the harsh inequities that persist in spite of growth, low inflation, and some decrease in poverty and unemployment. Implemented in the 1970s at the point of the bayonet and in the shadow of the torture chamber, the neoliberal policies of Augusto Pinochet’s dictatorship reversed many of the gains in wages, benefits, and working conditions that Chile’s workers had won during decades of struggle and triggered a severe economic crisis. Later refined and softened, Pinochet’s neoliberal model began, finally, to promote economic growth in the mid-1980s, and it was maintained by the center-left governments that followed the restoration of democracy in 1990. Yet, despite significant increases in worker productivity, real wages stagnated, the expected restoration of labor rights faltered, and gaps in income distribution continued to widen. To shed light on this history and these ongoing problems, the contributors look at industries long part of the Chilean economy—including textiles and copper—and industries that have expanded more recently—including fishing, forestry, and agriculture. They not only show how neoliberalism has affected Chile’s labor force in general but also how it has damaged the environment and imposed special burdens on women. Painting a sobering picture of the two Chiles—one increasingly rich, the other still mired in poverty—these essays suggest that the Chilean miracle may not be as miraculous as it seems. Contributors. Paul Drake Volker Frank Thomas Klubock Rachel Schurman Joel Stillerman Heidi Tinsman Peter Winn

EL PRINCIPAL MOTIVO DE ESCRIBIR ESTE LIBRO ES SENCILLAMENTE PARA LLAMAR LA ATENCION DEL AMABLE LECTOR EN CUANTO A LA CRUDA REALIDAD QUE A VIVIDO SIEMPRE NUESTRA AMERICA LATINA A TRAVEZ DE LOS SIGLOS. ES UNA HISTORIA DE SUFRIMIENTO, DE ATRAZO Y ABANDONO EN QUE HEMOS VIVIDO POR CULPA EN PARTE NUESTRA PERO MAS QUE TODO POR INFLUENCIAS Y PRESIONES EXTERIORES QUE NO HEMOS QUERIDO O NO HEMOS SABIDO RECHAZAR. ESTE LIBRO PUES, ES UNA MIRADA GENERAL A TRAVEZ DE LOS 500 ANOS DE EXISTENCIA COMO PUEBLOS CIVILIZADOS DESDE LA CONQUISTA, EPOCA COLONIAL HASTA NUESTROS DIAS. ES UNA PEQUENA EVALUACION DEL DESENVOLVIMIENTO CULTURAL,SOCIAL, POLITICO Y RELIGIOSO DE NUESTROS PUEBLOS AMERICANOS. ESPERO QUE EL AMABLE LECTOR AL TRMINAR SU LECTURA O DURANTE LA MISMA, ME DISPENSE SU ATENCION Y REFLECCIONE S UN POCO Y PIENSE SI TENGO O NO RAZON. MUCHAS GRACIAS POR SU AMABLE ATENCION. EL AUTOR

Taxation and Inequality in Latin America takes a heterodox political economy approach, focusing on Latin America, where current problems of taxation have existed for a century and great wealth contrasts with abject poverty. The book analyzes the relation of natural resource wealth, allocational politics and the limited role of taxation for redistribution, and progressive resource mobilization. By drawing on the political economy of tax regimes, the book considers the specific conditions of taxation in Latin America, which apply to a large part of the Global South and more than 100 countries specializing in the extraction and export of raw materials. This book will cover: taxation and the dominance of raw material export sectors; taxation and allocational politics; new perspectives on political economy and tax regimes. Scholars and advanced students of political economy, political science, development studies, and fiscal sociology will find several key issues in tax research from a novel angle. The book provides an analytical orientation that relates central questions of taxation to patterns of regional political economy, thereby opening up the debate with tax scholars from other world regions of the Global South.

In a saturated and complex workd of information, how can students be helped to seek, evaluate and verify information? Over the past two decades, the use of the internet and social media has enabled wider and faster access to information around the world. In doing so, however, it has also opened the door to misinformation, manipulation, fake news and political propaganda. Every industry, institution and individual person has had to adapt to this influx of unreliable information, and many organisations have begun to adopt new policies and issue recommendations on how to manage this new way of life. The publication Toolkit for history classes – Debunking fake news and fostering critical thinking is a co-ordinated response by the European Union and Council of Europe to this phenomenon. The toolkit is a resource for history teachers to help their students learn how to deconstruct and question fake news through historical sources and topics that relate the past to the present. The toolkit aligns with the values and priorities of the European Union and Council of Europe, as both institutions have worked for many years to draw attention to the dangers caused by disinformation and the manipulation of history. The toolkit was designed for teachers to show students not only how to recognise fake news when they see it, but also understand why it was created and become aware of the minority communities who are most often the target of this manipulated information.