This book examines closely the origins, evolution, and prospect of the Sino-Vietnamese conflict over Kampuchea from both historical and geopolitical perspectives, with particular attention to the interplay of the conflicting perceptions and security needs of the three countries involved.

Morris examines the, "first and only extended war between two communist regimes."

When the Khmer Rouge came to power in Cambodia in 1975, they inherited a war-ravaged and internationally isolated country. Pol Pot’s government espoused the rhetoric of self-reliance, but Democratic Kampuchea was utterly dependent on Chinese foreign aid and technical assistance to survive. Yet in a markedly asymmetrical relationship between a modernizing, nuclear power and a virtually premodern state, China was largely unable to use its power to influence Cambodian politics or policy. In Brothers in Arms, Andrew Mertha traces this surprising lack of influence to variations between the Chinese and Cambodian institutions that administered military aid, technology transfer, and international trade. Today, China’s extensive engagement with the developing world suggests an inexorably rising China in the process of securing a degree of economic and political dominance that was unthinkable even a decade ago. Yet, China’s experience with its first-ever client state suggests that the effectiveness of Chinese foreign aid, and influence that comes with it, is only as good as the institutions that manage the relationship. By focusing on the links between China and Democratic Kampuchea, Mertha peers into the “black box” of Chinese foreign aid to illustrate how domestic institutional fragmentation limits Beijing’s ability to influence the countries that accept its assistance.

Although the Chinese form only a small fraction of the population of Southeast Asia, they are a minority of crucial importance to the future of many countries, for they control much of the commercial economy of the region. Studies have been published on the Chinese in Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Indonesia. This book is the first study of the Chinese in Cambodia. The author is an anthropologist, but the book is not written from that perspective alone; it examines the position of the Chinese in Cambodian society from the historical, the economic, the legal, and the demographic points of view as well.

Peking and Hanoi differed over 5 significant issues from the early 1960s up until the North Vietamesse conques of the South in 1975. The author explores their conflicting desires for a dominant position in Laos, Cambodia, and Thailand.