The men who fought in Napoleon’s Grande Armée built a new empire that changed the world. Remarkably, the same men raised arms during the French Revolution for liberté, égalité, and fraternité. In just over a decade, these freedom fighters, who had once struggled to overthrow tyrants, rallied to the side of a man who wanted to dominate Europe. What was behind this drastic change of heart? In this ground-breaking study, Michael J. Hughes shows how Napoleonic military culture shaped the motivation of Napoleon’s soldiers. Relying on extensive archival research and blending cultural and military history, Hughes demonstrates that the Napoleonic regime incorporated elements from both the Old Regime and French Revolutionary military culture to craft a new military culture, characterized by loyalty to both Napoleon and the preservation of French hegemony in Europe. Underscoring this new, hybrid military culture were five sources of motivation: honor, patriotism, a martial and virile masculinity, devotion to Napoleon, and coercion. Forging Napoleon's Grande Armée vividly illustrates how this many-pronged culture gave Napoleon’s soldiers reasons to fight.

A sweeping history of intimacy and family life in France during the age of revolution The French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars devastated Europe for nearly a quarter of a century. The Soldier’s Reward recovers the stories of soldiers and their relationships to family and domestic life during this period, revealing how prolonged warfare transformed family and gender dynamics and gave rise to new kinds of citizenship. In this groundbreaking work combining social, cultural, gender, and military history, Jennifer Ngaire Heuer vividly describes how men fought for years with only fleeting moments of peace. Combatants were promised promotion, financial gain, and patriotic glory. They were also rewarded for their service by being allowed to return home to waiting families and love interests, and with marriages that were arranged and financially supported by the state. Heuer explores competing ideas of masculinity in France, as well as the experiences of the men and women who participated in such marriages. She argues that we cannot fully understand the changing nature of war and peace in this period without considering the important roles played by family, gender, and romantic entanglements. Casting new light on a turbulent era of mass mobilization and seemingly endless conflict, The Soldier’s Reward shows how, from the Revolution through the Restoration, war, intimacy, and citizenship intersected in France in new and unexpected ways.

This reference book is an invaluable resource for teachers, students and performers for evaluating and selecting piano solo literature. Concise and thoroughly researched, thousands of works, from the Baroque through the Contemporary periods, have been graded and evaluated in detail. Includes an alphabetical list of composers, explanations of works and much more.

Dr. Richard Larson and his wife Llyn had two dreams: One, climb Mount Everest together. That dream is crushed when Llyn is lost in a climbing accident in Alaska, and affable Dr Larson descends into an alcoholic haze. The second dream and her last request - "find our MIA son" - is put on hold while Richard battles personal demons and pursues the possibility of a fresh relationship. When a terrorist's bomb takes the life of his new love, he retreats from dreams altogether. Discovering his deceased wife's journal contains clues to the possible whereabouts of his lost son, Richard determines to find him - once again his life reclaims purpose. In Singapore he meets a mysterious woman who captures his heart. Her revelations, however, bring disbelief, confusion, and more questions. Then inexplicably, she vanishes. The journal clues lead him to the tropical isle of Thailand where VietNam/American expatriates have traditionally retreated for healing. One the Eden-like island of Raya he experiences an unspoken faculty contained within his own psyche. In a remote Buddhist temple high in the Himalayas he finds a son about to be ordained as a priest - and more. Near the summit of the mighty Mount Everest a father discovers an unexpected resolution.

The magazine of world Jewish affairs.