"This book is the result of a study in which the authors identified all of the American women who earned PhD's in mathematics before 1940, and collected extensive biographical and bibliographical information about each of them. By reconstructing as complete a picture as possible of this group of women, Green and LaDuke reveal insights into the larger scientific and cultural communities in which they lived and worked." "The book contains an extended introductory essay, as well as biographical entries for each of the 228 women in the study. The authors examine family backgrounds, education, careers, and other professional activities. They show that there were many more women earning PhD's in mathematics before 1940 than is commonly thought." "The material will be of interest to researchers, teachers, and students in mathematics, history of mathematics, history of science, women's studies, and sociology."--BOOK JACKET.

Written as a tutorial to explore and understand the power of R for machine learning. This practical guide that covers all of the need to know topics in a very systematic way. For each machine learning approach, each step in the process is detailed, from preparing the data for analysis to evaluating the results. These steps will build the knowledge you need to apply them to your own data science tasks.Intended for those who want to learn how to use R's machine learning capabilities and gain insight from your data. Perhaps you already know a bit about machine learning, but have never used R; or perhaps you know a little R but are new to machine learning. In either case, this book will get you up and running quickly. It would be helpful to have a bit of familiarity with basic programming concepts, but no prior experience is required.

The Iran-Iraq War is one of the largest, yet least documented conflicts in the history of the Middle East. Drawing from an extensive cache of captured Iraqi government records, this book is the first comprehensive military and strategic account of the war through the lens of the Iraqi regime and its senior military commanders. It explores the rationale and decision-making processes that drove the Iraqis as they grappled with challenges that, at times, threatened their existence. Beginning with the bizarre lack of planning by the Iraqis in their invasion of Iran, the authors reveal Saddam's desperate attempts to improve the competence of an officer corps that he had purged to safeguard its loyalty to his tyranny, and then to weather the storm of suicidal attacks by Iranian religious revolutionaries. This is a unique and important contribution to our understanding of the history of war and the contemporary Middle East.

This directory is intended to be a comprehensive reference source for identifying research organizations and institutions, and for promoting research cooperation and facilitating networking. This second edition provides a broad background to the development of the human sciences as well as an overview of existing and emerging science and technology policies of South Africa. The directory is intended for use at both the international level and the local level. The guide is divided into three sections. Section One, "An Overview of Human Sciences Research in South Africa," contains 10 chapters, including: (1) "Science and Technology Policy in South Africa: A System in Transition" (Anastassios Pouris); (2) "Human Sciences Research at South African Universities" (Johann Mouton); (3)"The Role of the Human Sciences Research Council" (Hendrik Marais; Rose Morris; Jan Beukes); (4) "Human Sciences Research in the Government Sector" (Johann Mouton; Magdal Pienaar); (5) "Human Sciences Research Performed by NGOs" (Ross Jennings; Johanna Malaudzi; David Everatt; Mark Orkin); (6) "Market Research in South Africa" (Clive K. Corder); (7) "The Role of Donor Organizations in the Development of the Human Sciences in South Africa" (Richard Fehnel); (8) "The Availability of Human Resources: Professional Researchers in the Human Sciences" (Cas Prinsloo); (9) "Databases in Support of Human Sciences Research" (Jill Barnes; Repke de Vries; Maseka Lesaoana; Roelf Prinsloo; Hettie Terblanche); and (10) "The Role and Potential of Human Sciences Professional Associations in South Africa" (Elisabeth Lickindorf). Section Two contains "Human Sciences Research Organizations," compiled by Henda van der Berg, and Section Three offers "Human Sciences Professional Associations," compiled by Drienie Pienaar. (EH)

This volume includes contributions presented at the Second International Sym posium on Nutrition and Cancer, held in Naples, Italy, in October 1998 at the National Tumor Institute "Fondazione Pascale." During the Conference, experts from different disciplines discussed pivotal and timely subjects on the interactions between human nutrition and the development of malignancies. Comparing the themes of this Meeting with those discussed at the First Sympo sium in 1992, the major scientific advancements certainly derive from the extensive use of molecular approaches to perform research in nutrition. Moreover, the fundamental observation of R. Doll and R. Peto (1981), which suggested that at least 35% of all cancers (with large differences among different tumors) might be prevented by dietary regimens, has been definitively confirmed by epidemiological studies. On the other hand, the relationships between diet and cancer are quite intricate and complex; it is difficult, and at the same time not methodologically correct, to reduce them to simple terms. Metabolic and hormonal factors, contaminants and biological agents, and deficiency of specific protective nutrients are all pieces of the same puzzle.