Manichaeism was a dualistic religious system with Christian, Gnostic and pagan elements, founded in Persia in the third century by Manes. This is the first full-length study of the Manichaean Jesus, since the publication of several major Manichaean texts such as the Homilies, Psalm Book and Kephalaia in the 1930s and 1940s. A knowledge of Manichaean Christology is important for any understanding of the development of Christologies in the early cen-turies CE, whether within mainstream Christianity or within associated het-erodox groups. This book undertakes a comprehensive study of six distinct figures of Jesus that can be found in both Eastern and Western Manichaean lit-erature. Previous partial studies of Manichaean Christology have tended to restrict their focus to texts from either Eastern or Western traditions alone. Majella Franzmann argues that a single Manichaean Jesus can be discerned behind the many different representations to be found.

Many of the Nag Hammadi writings are considered 'heretical' and therefore not valid sources for traditions about the founder, Jesus. Majella Franzmann, however, shows that it is a mistake to believe that Christianity was a homogeneous entity from the first and that the only valid traditions about the founder are preserved by those early Christians who became the dominant, mainstream group. The whole range of early Christian movements, including the Gnostic Christian movements, cannot be separated and identified simply as orthodox or heretical from the beginning. The Nag Hammadi texts were discovered in 1945 near Luxor in Egypt. From these writings Majella Franzmann presents a fascinating and radically different portrait or series of portraits of Jesus and of the world into which he came. Majella Franzmann's work advances our whole understanding of the origins, development and present identity of Christians and Christianity.

This 2004 book is a single-volume collection of sources for Manichaeism, a world religion founded by Mani, the Syrian visionary.

Mani and Augustine: collected essays on Mani, Manichaeism and Augustine gathers in one volume contributions on Manichaean scholarship made by the internationally renowned scholar Johannes van Oort. The first part of the book focuses on the Babylonian prophet Mani (216-277) who styled himself an ‘apostle of Jesus Christ’, on Jewish elements in Manichaeism and on ‘human semen eucharist’, eschatology and imagery of Christ as ‘God’s Right Hand’. The second part of the book concentrates on the question to what extent the former ‘auditor’ Augustine became acquainted with Mani’s gnostic world religion and his canonical writings, and explores to what extent Manichaeism had a lasting impact on the most influential church father of the West.

For centuries Manicheism was a powerful religion, rivaled only by Christianity, but now virtually unheard of.Today, there is a resurgence of interest in Gnostic teachings. This work has been painstakingly pieced together and is an important work for scholars, religious researchers and those interested in alternative spiritual paths.

First English translation of the Coptic text (c. 400 CE), with commentaries and indices, to this major source for the teachings of Mani. Manichaeism was the most successful of the gnostic dualistic traditions that challenged the triumph of the imperial Christian Church.

A new critical look at Mani's life to establish a proper historical foundation for the study of this fascinating thinker.