Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) refers to translational movements which within a given voxel and during the measurement time present a distribution of speeds in orientation and/or amplitude. The concept was introduced in 1986 together with the foundation of diffusion MRI because it had been realized that flow of blood in capillaries (perfusion) would mimic a diffusion process and impact diffusion MRI measurements. IVIM-based perfusion MRI, which does not require injection of any tracer or contrast agent, has been first investigated in the brain, but is now experiencing a remarkable revival for applications throughout the body, especially for oncologic applications, from diagnosis to treatment monitoring. This book addresses a number of highly topical aspects of the field from leading authorities, introducing the concepts behind IVIM MRI, outlining related methodological issues, and summarizing its current usage and potential for clinical applications. It also presents future research directions, both in terms of methodological development and clinical application fields, extending to new, non-perfusion applications of IVIM MRI, such as virtual MR elastography.

Intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) refers to translational movements which within a given voxel and during the measurement time present a distribution of speeds in orientation and/or amplitude. The concept was introduced in 1986 together with the foundation of diffusion MRI because it had been realized that flow of blood in capillaries (perfusion) would mimic a diffusion process and impact diffusion MRI measurements. IVIM-based perfusion MRI, which does not require injection of any tracer or contrast agent, has been first investigated in the brain, but is now experiencing a remarkable revival for applications throughout the body, especially for oncologic applications, from diagnosis to treatment monitoring. This book addresses a number of highly topical aspects of the field from leading authorities, introducing the concepts behind IVIM MRI, outlining related methodological issues, and summarizing its current usage and potential for clinical applications. It also presents future research directions, both in terms of methodological development and clinical application fields, extending to new, non-perfusion applications of IVIM MRI, such as virtual MR elastography.

This book provides a concise overview of emerging technologies in the field of modern neuroimaging. Fundamental principles of the main imaging modalities are described as well as advanced imaging techniqes including diffusion weighted imaging, perfusion imaging, arterial spin labeling, diffusion tensor imaging, intravoxel incoherent motion, MR spectroscopy, functional MRI, and artificial intelligence. The physical concepts underlying each imaging technique are carefully and clearly explained in a way suited to a medical audience without prior technical knowledge. In addition, the clinical applications of the various techniques are described with the aid of illustrative clinical examples. Helpful background information is also presented on the core principles of MRI and the evolution of neuroimaging, and important references to current medical research are highlighted. The book will meet the needs of a range of non-technological professionals with an interest in advanced neuroimaging, including radiology researchers and clinicians in the fields of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

The medical MRI community is by far the largest user of diffusion NMR techniques and this book captures the current surge of methods and provides a primary source to aid adoption in this field. There is a trend to adapting the more advanced diffusion encoding sequences developed by NMR researchers within the fields of porous media, chemical engineering, and colloid science to medical research. Recently published papers indicate great potential for improved diagnosis of the numerous pathological conditions associated with changes of tissue microstructure that are invisible to conventional diffusion MRI. This book disseminates these recent developments to the wider community of MRI researchers and clinicians. The chapters cover the theoretical basis, hardware and pulse sequences, data analysis and validation, and recent applications aimed at promoting further growth in the field. This is a fast moving field and chapters are written by key MRI scientists that have contributed to the successful translation of the advanced diffusion NMR methods to the context of medical MRI, from global locations.

First book ever on the topic Discusses current concepts and methodological issues for the successful implementation of IVIM MRI to investigate tissue perfusion non-invasively Covers a wide range of clinical applications Contributions by leading experts in the field from USA, Europe, and Asia and written with a good balance of methodological and clinical chapters Includes an extensive bibliography for further reading

This richly illustrated book, now in an updated and extended third edition, systematically covers the use of diffusion-weighted (DW) MR imaging in all major areas of neuroradiology, including imaging of the head and neck and the spine as well as the brain. The authors guide the reader from the basic principles of DW imaging through to the use of cutting-edge diffusion sequences such as diffusion tensor (DTI) and kurtosis (DKI), fiber tractography, high b value, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI), and oscillating gradient spin echo (OGSE). Pathology, pathophysiology, and patient management and treatment are all thoroughly discussed. Since the early descriptions by LeBihan and colleagues of the ability to image and measure the micromovement of water molecules in the brain, diffusion imaging and its derivatives have contributed ever more significantly to the evaluation of multiple disease processes. In comprehensively describing the state of the art in the field, this book will be of high value not only for those who deal routinely with neuro-MR imaging but also for readers who wish to establish a sound basis for understanding diffusion images in the hope of extending these principles into more exotic areas of neuroimaging.

MR is a powerful modality. At its most advanced, it can be used not just to image anatomy and pathology, but to investigate organ function, to probe in vivo chemistry, and even to visualise the brain thinking. However, clinicians, technologists and scientists struggle with the study of the subject. The result is sometimes an obscurity of understanding, or a dilution of scientific truth, resulting in misconceptions. This is why MRI from Picture to Proton has achieved its reputation for practical clarity. MR is introduced as a tool, with coverage starting from the images, equipment and scanning protocols and traced back towards the underlying physics theory. With new content on quantitative MRI, MR safety, multi-band excitation, Dixon imaging, MR elastography and advanced pulse sequences, and with additional supportive materials available on the book's website, this new edition is completely revised and updated to reflect the best use of modern MR technology.