CETTE THESE PRESENTE L'ETUDE MENEE A LA DIRECTION DE L'INFORMATIQUE D'AIR FRANCE POUR LA MISE EN PLACE D'UN NOUVEAU RESEAU DE COMMUNICATION QUI DOIT UNIFIER LES RESEAUX EXISTANTS. CETTE ETUDE S'EST DEROULEE EN DEUX GRANDES ETAPES. TOUT D'ABORD, NOUS AVONS FAIT LE POINT DE L'ETAT DE L'ART EN MATIERE D'INTERCONNEXION DE RESEAUX, CE QUI NOUS A AMENE A ANALYSER LES DIFFERENTES RAISONS QUI ONT CONDUIT A DES CONFIGURATIONS HETEROGENES. LES TECHNIQUES CONNUES ET UTILISEES POUR RESOUDRE CES PROBLEMES D'HETEROGENEITE SONT PASSEES EN REVUE. PUIS, A LA LUMIERE DE CE PREMIER TRAVAIL, NOUS ETABLISSONS UN CAHIER DES CHARGES POUR LE NOUVEAU RESEAU AIR FRANCE ET EVALUONS LES DIFFERENTES PROPOSITIONS. CETTE THESE SE TERMINE PAR QUELQUES REFLEXIONS SUR LA METHODOLOGIE EMPLOYEE LORS DE LA DEFINITION DU RESEAU UNIFIE

PRESENTATION GENERALE DU PROBLEME DE L'INTERCONNEXION DE RESEAUX, COMPLETEE D'EXEMPLES DE SPECIFICATION D'ARCHITECTURES DE PASSERELLES DONT UNE FERA L'OBJET D'UNE SPECIFICATION FORMELLE

NOUS PROPOSONS DANS CETTE THESE UNE METHODOLOGIE PERMETTANT DE CONSTRUIRE UNE SPECIFICATION DE CONVERTISSEUR A PARTIR DES SPECIFICATIONS DE PROTOCOLES EN LOTOS (LANGUAGE OF TEMPORAL ORDERING SPECIFICATION). SI LES PROTOCOLES A CONVERTIR NE COMPORTENT PAS D'ERREURS TELLES QUE LE BLOCAGE, LE CONVERTISSEUR CONSTRUIT PAR CETTE METHODE PEUT FOURNIR LES SERVICES DEMANDES AUX UTILISATEURS SANS CONTRIBUER A AUCUNE ANOMALIE. NOTRE METHODE EST BASEE SUR LE CONCEPT D'UN SYSTEME DE CONVERSION DEFINI COMME UN ENSEMBLE CONTENANT: LES ENTITES DES PROTOCOLES, LES COUCHES SOUS-JACENTES ET UN CONVERTISSEUR. EN MODELISANT DES PROTOCOLES PAR DES PROCESSUS COMMUNICANTS, NOUS POUVONS SPECIFIER CES PROTOCOLES EN TERMES DE PRIMITIVES DE SERVICE ET DE PDU (UNITE DE DONNEES DE PROTOCOLE). A PARTIR DE LA SPECIFICATION D'UN PROTOCOLE ET LA SPECIFICATION DE SERVICE DU SYSTEME DE CONVERSION, NOUS CONSTRUISONS UN PROCESSUS QUE NOUS AVONS BAPTISE MUET QUI REPRESENTE LES CONTRAINTES SUR L'ORDRE TEMPOREL DES PDU ECHANGEES ENTRE LE CONVERTISSEUR ET UNE ENTITE DE CE PROTOCOLE. DEUX PROCESSUS MUETS PEUVENT ETRE COMBINES A L'AIDE DES CONTRAINTES DE BOUT EN BOUT DU CONVERTISSEUR. LA GENERATION DE CES CONTRAINTES SE FONDE SUR LE CONCEPT DE LA RELATION CAUSALE ENTRE DES ACTIVITES FIGUREES DANS LA SPECIFICATION D'UN PROTOCOLE. LE RESULTAT DE LA COMBINAISON EST UNE SPECIFICATION DU CONVERTISSEUR CHERCHE.

This book examines how the computer, as we currently know it, will be replaced by a new generation of technologies, moving computing off the desktop and ultimately integrating it with real world objects and everyday environments. It provides a unique combination of concepts, methods and prototypes of ubiquitous and pervasive computing reflecting the current interest in smart environments and ambient intelligence.

The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States marked the beginning of the study of our postindustrial information society. Austrian-born economist Fritz Machlup had focused his research on the patent system, but he came to realize that patents were simply one part of a much bigger "knowledge economy." He then expanded the scope of his work to evaluate everything from stationery and typewriters to advertising to presidential addresses--anything that involved the activity of telling anyone anything. The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States then revealed the new and startling shape of the U.S. economy. Machlup's cool appraisal of the data showed that the knowledge industry accounted for nearly 29 percent of the U.S. gross national product, and that 43 percent of the civilian labor force consisted of knowledge transmitters or full-time knowledge receivers. Indeed, the proportion of the labor force involved in the knowledge economy increased from 11 to 32 percent between 1900 and 1959--a monumental shift. Beyond documenting this revolution, Machlup founded the wholly new field of information economics. The transformation to a knowledge economy has resonated throughout the rest of the century, especially with the rise of the Internet. As two recent observers noted, "Information goods--from movies and music to software code and stock quotes--have supplanted industrial goods as the key drivers of world markets." Continued study of this change and its effects is testament to Fritz Machlup's pioneering work.

As modern organizations become more globalized and diverse, they require additional assistance to maintain effective workflows. With the support of intermediary partners, businesses can enhance their various management processes. Global Intermediation and Logistics Service Providers is a comprehensive reference source for the latest scholarly material on outsourcing strategies in contemporary business environments and examines the role of intermediaries in the dynamics of decision-making and process management. Highlighting pivotal discussions across a myriad of relevant topics, such as open innovation, competitive advantage, and social capital, this book is ideally designed for professionals, practitioners, researchers, and students interested in the impact of service providers within industrial organizations.

This Child-Friendly Schools (CFS) Manual was developed during three-and-a-half years of continuous work, involving the United Nations Children's Fund education staff and specialists from partner agencies working on quality education. It benefits from fieldwork in 155 countries and territories, evaluations carried out by the Regional Offices and desk reviews conducted by headquarters in New York. The manual is a part of a total resource package that includes an e-learning package for capacity-building in the use of CFS models and a collection of field case studies to illustrate the state of the art in child-friendly schools in a variety of settings.