The objective of this project was to examine the process and design implications associated with the integration of membranes into existing water treatment plants and process schemes. Membrane technologies covered include microfiltration ( MF ), ultrafiltration ( UF ), nanofiltration ( NF ), and reverse osmosis ( RO ).

Proceedings of the 2006 AWWA Annual Conference and Exposition held June 2006 in San Antonio TX CD-ROM provides current information on all aspects of drinking water Topics include water quality water resources and conservation water utility security water utility vulnerability assessments conventional and advanced water treatment desalination water reclamation and reuse water transmission and distribution system infrastructure water utility management water plant operations privatization and competition automation regulations benchmarking

Increasingly, utilities are using membrane technology to solve a wide array of water treatment challenges. The current state of knowledge regarding different aspects of membrane integration is thought to be in development, as evidenced by the continued research efforts by utilities, manufacturers, engineers, and academia. The water industry lacks specific guidance on how membranes can be integrated into a treatment process to improve treatment or capacity. The findings of this project focused on key issues of membrane integration: the benefits of pilot testing and planning, design considerations, and operation and maintenance needs. All of the participating utilities conducted pilot evaluations of membrane technologies and some continued those studies after commissioning to optimize system performance.Several of the participating utilities embarked on a comprehensive planning and approval program, which included community outreach efforts, budget planning, and scheduling for pilot testing before design. In terms of design considerations, many of the utilities experienced unique design challenges that were specific to the system being installed.

With global demand for water in the 20th century expected to increase ten-fold, this work focuses on the membrane filtration issues for drinking water.

This ready reference on Membrane Technologies for Water Treatment, is an invaluable source detailing sustainable, emerging processes, to provide clean, energy saving and cost effective alternatives to conventional processes. The editors are internationally renowned leaders in the field, who have put together a first-class team of authors from academia and industry to present a highly approach to the subject. The book is an instrumental tool for Process Engineers, Chemical Engineers, Process Control Technicians, Water Chemists, Environmental Chemists, Materials Scientists and Patent Lawyers.

Presenting a useful reference to the current state of membrane technology and its likely future growth, this book covers all aspects of the technology and its applications in the water industry. Drawing on the experience of international experts, Membrane Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment encompasses many practical applications of specific membranes, including MF, UF, NF, RO and EDR, in the treatment of ground and surface water, backwash water, seawater, and industrial and domestic wastewater. Novel applications, process enhancements and the latest systems are also discussed. This book is an excellent guide to membrane technology and will be of great interest to water companies, industrialists, legislative bodies and anyone with an interest in the technology or its applications.

Microfiltration and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) have evolved into widely accepted methods of water filtration and disinfection. Their evolution from industrial applications began with filtration of clean water supplies not requiring pretreatment to use on waters requiring significant treatment prior to filtration. Cost and system design innovations have led to the increase in the size of MF/UF facilities. In recent years, retrofits of granular media filtration facilities with MF/UF have been explored by researchers, engineers, and system vendors in order to reduce the cost of implementing the technology. Several examples of retrofit facilities with varying degrees of existing infrastructure reuse exist; however, many of the retrofit projects do not reuse equipment common to both MF/UF and granular media filters. The objective of this project was to investigate potential cost-saving infrastructure reuse options for membrane retrofits of granular media filtration cells. Of key interest was the feasibility of retrofitting granular media filter cells with membranes operating within the hydraulic gradeline of the plant, essentially a direct exchange of media filtration with membrane filtration. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2004.