Durability of concrete is greatly influenced by the permeability of the cement paste which in turn is governed by the pore size distribution. Some mineral and chemical admixtures are known to enhance the durability of portland cement concrete. The objective of this work was to investigate how the pore size distribution and permeability of portland cement pastes are modified by the addition of pozzolanic admixtures, blast furnace slag, and chloride salts. The effectiveness of pozzolans in reducing the volume of large pores and permeability was found to depend on the reactivity of the pozzolan used. Large additions of granulated blast furnace slag increased the total pore volume, however the pore size distribution was shifted toward finer pores and therefore the permeability of the paste was reduced. Among the chloride admixtures, namely calcium, magnesium, and sodium chloride, magnesium chloride was most effective in reducing both the volume of large pores and permeability of the cement pastes.

Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete deals with the chemical and physical properties of cements and concretes and their relation to the practical problems that arise in manufacture and use. As such it is addressed not only to the chemist and those concerned with the science and technology of silicate materials, but also to those interested in the use of concrete in building and civil engineering construction. Much attention is given to the suitability of materials, to the conditions under which concrete can excel and those where it may deteriorate and to the precautionary or remedial measures that can be adopted. First published in 1935, this is the fourth edition and the first to appear since the death of Sir Frederick Lea, the original author. Over the life of the first three editions, this book has become the authority on its subject. The fourth edition is edited by Professor Peter C. Hewlett, Director of the British Board of Agrement and visiting Industrial Professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Dundee. Professor Hewlett has brought together a distinguished body of international contributors to produce an edition which is a worthy successor to the previous editions.

This volume represents the current knowledge on the effect of SCMs (slag, fly ash, silica fume, limestone powder, metakaolin, natural pozzolans, rice husk ash, special SCMs, ternary blends) on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete (e.g. early strength development, workability, shrinkage) and curing requirements. Other topics treated in the book are postblending vs preblending, implications of SCM variability, interaction between SCM and commonly used admixtures (e.g. superplasticizers, air entrainers).

This state-of-the-art report summarizes the results of an extensive search and review of available literature on the mechanical properties of concrete, with particular reference to high performance concrete for highway applications. Included in the review and discussion are the behavior of plastic concrete as well as the strength and deformation characteristics of hardened concrete. Both short-term and long-term effects are considered. Based on the review of the available information, research needs are identified. It is concluded that much research is needed to develop data on the strength and durability properties of concrete which develops high strength, particularly very early strength.

This chapter presents the effects of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) on properties affecting the durability of concrete (porosity, permeability), and on the major factors affecting concrete durability (alkali– silica reaction, delayed ettringite formation, sulphate attacks, acid attacks, frost resistance, abrasion, carbonation and chloride ingress). General trends and specific effects of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, fly ash, silica fume and metakaolin, when used as cement replacement, are reported and discussed.

Eco-efficient concrete is a comprehensive guide to the characteristics and environmental performance of key concrete types.Part one discusses the eco-efficiency and life cycle assessment of Portland cement concrete, before part two goes on to consider concrete with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). Concrete with non-reactive wastes is the focus of part three, including municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) concrete, and concrete with polymeric, construction and demolition wastes (CDW). An eco-efficient approach to concrete carbonation is also reviewed, followed by an investigation in part four of future alternative binders and the use of nano and biotech in concrete production.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Eco-efficient concrete is a technical guide for all professionals, researchers and academics currently or potentially involved in the design, manufacture and use of eco-efficient concrete. - The first part of the book examines the eco-efficiency and life cycle assessment of Portland cement concrete - Chapters in the second part of the book consider concrete with supplementary cementitious materials, including properties and performance - Reviews the eco-efficient approach to concrete carbonation

Elevated temperatures are known to affect the properties of both fresh and hardened concrete. This book describes in detail these effects and explains the mechanisms involved with particular reference to their practical aspects.