Looks back at the reigns of the six greatest Mughal emperors, from Babur to Aurangzeb, and at the decline of the empire during the rise of British rule in India. Suggested level: primary, intermediate, junior secondary.

The Mughal Period Was The Most Glorious Epoch In The History Of India. There Was Peace And Prosperity And An All-Round Development. It Is Rather Surprising That No Systematic Attempt Has Yet Been Made At Surveying Its Origi¬Nal Sources. The Present Study Is The First Attempt At Surveying The Original Authorities For The Mughal Period From 1526 To 1740. It Describes Published Works And Manuscripts In Persian, Sanskrit, Hindi, Gurmukhi, Marathi And In European Languages.The Present Book Is Primarily Inten¬Ded For The Serious Students Of What Is Popularly Known As Mughal History Whether He Be An Under-Graduate Aspir¬Ing To A University Degree Or A Candi¬Date For The Competitive Examinations For The Higher Administrative Services. He Will Find His Purpose Admirably Fulfilled. Even The General Reader Will Not Find It Wholly Unprofitable. There Is Much To Arouse His Interest And Awaken His Sympathy.

This innovative book explores of the grandest and longest lastingempire in Indian history. Examines the history of the Mughal presence in India from 1526to the mid-eighteenth century Creates a new framework for understanding the Mughal empire byaddressing themes that have not been explored before. Subtly traces the legacy of the Mughals’ world intoday’s India.

Tax practitioners are unfamiliar with tax theory. Tax economists remain unfamiliar with tax law and tax administration. Most textbooks relate mainly to the US, UK or European experiences. Students in emerging economies remain unfamiliar with their own taxation history. This textbook fills those gaps. It covers the concept of taxes in regards to their rationale, principles, design, and common errors. It addresses distortions in consumer choices and production decisions caused by tax and redressals. The main principles of taxation—efficiency, equity, stabilization, revenue productivity, administrative feasibility, international neutrality—are presented and discussed. The efficiency principle requires the minimisation of distortions in the market caused by tax. Equity in taxation is another principle that is maintained through progressivity in the tax structure. Similarly, other principles have their own ramifications that are also addressed. A country’s constitutional specification of tax assignment to different levels of government—central, state, municipal—are elaborated. The UK is more centralised than the US and India. India has amended its constitution to introduce a goods and services tax (GST) covering both central and state governments. Drafting of tax law is crucial for clarity and this aspect is addressed. Furthermore, the author illustrates different types of taxes such as individual income tax, corporate income tax, wealth tax, retail sales/value added/goods and services tax, selective excises, property tax, minimum taxes such as the minimum alternate tax (MAT), cash-flow tax, financial transactions tax, fringe benefits tax, customs duties and export taxes, environment tax and global carbon tax, and user charges. An emerging concern regarding the inadequacy of international taxation of multinational corporations is covered in some detail. Structural aspects of tax administration are given particular attention.

The Book Attempts To Offer Within The Convenient Compass Of Single Cover, A Comprehensive Record Of The Main Facts And Subsidiary Details Of Mughal Sover¬Eignty Which Are To Be Found Both In Original Sources And In The Numerous And Occasionally Costly Works Of Modern Writers.As Regards The Political And Administra¬Tive Features Of The Period, The Account Is Primarily Based Upon Well-Known Origi¬Nal Sources - The Memoirs Of Babur, The Memoirs Of Jahangir, The Immortal Work Of Abul-I-Fazl, And So Forth. It Shows Incidentally That Religious Intolerance, Which Is Usually Supposed To Have Had Its Origin In The Bigotry Of Aurangzeb, Was Not Wholly Unknown In The Reigns Of Jahangir And Shah Jahan. The Later Chapters Make Use Of The Records Of Early European Merchants And Travellers In Respect Of The General Circumstances Of The Mughal Empire.The Book Will Be Found Of Great Use For The Students Of The Medieval History Who Do Not Have The Time To Read The Original Works. It Will Also Be Great Interest To The Layman Interested In History Of Mughal Empire.

The Mughal Empire dominated India politically, culturally, socially, economically and environmentally, from its foundation by Babur, a Central Asian adventurer, in 1526 to the final trial and exile of the last emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar at the hands of the British in 1858. Throughout the empire's three centuries of rise, preeminence and decline, it remained a dynamic and complex entity within and against which diverse peoples and interests conflicted. The empire's significance continues to be controversial among scholars and politicians with fresh and exciting new insights, theories and interpretations being put forward in recent years. This book engages students and general readers with a clear, lively and informed narrative of the core political events, the struggles and interactions of key individuals, groups and cultures, and of the contending historiographical arguments surrounding the Mughal Empire.