The Kuttani-mata of Damodaragupta is one of the few works in the history of classical Sanskrit literature the time and locale of the composition whereof can be ascertained with a fair degree of certainty. We learn from Kalhana that Damodaragupta occupied a high position under the Karkota-Naga king Jayapida Vinayaditya who ruled over Kashmir in the closing years of the eighth and early years of the ninth centuries A.D. A critical study of the internal evidence indicates that the work was probably composed a few years after the close of Jayapida's reign. As indicated by the title, the text aims at exposing the secrets of the whole craft of prostitution in the form of the advice of an experienced bawd (Kuttani) to a courtesan, and from this point of view it occupies a unique place in the whole range of Sanskrit literature; for the account is based not only on the standard erotic texts like Vatsyayana's Kama-sutra but draws copiously upon the poet's personal observation of the actual state of affairs obtaining in post-Jayapida Kashmir. But the poem has a much wider scope than its professed theme and covers the entire gamut of contemporary life of Kashmir in particular and northern India in general in all its varied aspects and as such forms an important source for the study of contemporary Indian society. The present work attempts a critical evaluation of this evidence in the light of relevant literary and archaeological data. In the process new light is thrown on several important questions.

These studies in Elizabethan and Jacobean travel literature, informed by a scholarly and sympathetic but, very properly, unsentimental approach to ten significant English travellers in India between 1579 and 1630, throw considerable light on the India of the great Mughals and reveal the many strands which are interwoven into the ties that have bound and still, in many ways, bind the great and ancient civilisations of the Indian sub-continent with the smaller and shorter civilisations of the British Isles. Professor Ram Chandra Prasad combines the skills and resources of the historian, the literary critic and the student of comparative literature and languages to demonstrate what we may learn of these two countries from the often idiosyncratic but always rich prose of Englishmen abroad in the ages of Queen Elizabeth I and King James I. Professor Prasad has chosen for study Thomas Stephens, Ralph Fitch, John Mildenhall, William Hawkins, Thomas Roe, Thomas Coryat, William Finch, Nicholas Withington, Edward Terry, and Henry Lord. He makes just enough reference to non-English travellers, such as Manucci, to keep his readers in the general picture of western exploration , while at the same time he concentrates on his chosen field. The author's practice of quoting long extracts in the original language has a twofold advantage: it makes his narrative more vivid, and it facilitates the determination of what one traveller owes to another. This new, completely revised edition of Early English Travellers in India will continue to fill a long-felt gap in Indo-Anglian literature and it will be greeted as an important achievement by the scholar and the general reader alike.

The sacred city of Banāras on the River Ganges is one of the oldest living cities in the world—as old as Jerusalem, Athens, and Peking. It is the place where Shiva, the Lord of All, is said to have made his permanent home since the dawn of creation. There are few cities in India as traditionally Hindu and as symbolic of the whole of Hindu culture as Banāras. In this eloquent, finely observed study, Diana Eck shows how the city over the centuries has become a lens through which the Hindu vision of the world is precisely focused. She reveals the spiritual and historical resonance of this holy place where great sages such as the Buddha and Shankara were taught, where ashrams, palaces, and universities were built, where God has been imagined and imagined in a thousand ways. She describes the rites of its temples, the busy life of its riverfront, and the exuberance of its festivals. She tells how people travel from all over India to Banāras for the privilege of dying a good death here, for they believe that on the banks of the River Ganges where “the atmosphere of devotion is improbable in its strength,” it is possible to be released from the earthly round forever. In her account of the sacred history, geography, and art of the city, its elaborate and thriving rituals, its myths and literature, and its importance to pilgrims and seekers, Diana Eck uses her wealth of scholarship to make the Hindu tradition come powerfully alive so that we come to understand the meaning of this sacred city to the millions of believers who have been coming here for over 2,500 years.