The contributions to this volume address important issues about books and their users in the 15th century. A unifying theme is the complex relationships between producers - be they authors, printers or decorators - the economic conditions of book distribution, and the requirements of readers or other users of books. Two contributions focus on technical aspects of the production of books, essential for our understanding of how texts met their readers. Such engaged and informed openness towards other disciplines is necessary for students of books to understand why the European invention of printing was successful - of why books became the first successful mechanically mass-produced marketable product.

Almost half a million books printed in the fifteenth century survive in collections worldwide. In Incunabula in Transit Lotte Hellinga explores how and where they were first disseminated. Propelled by the novel need to market hundreds of books, early printers formed networks with colleagues, engaged agents and traded Latin books over long distances. They adapted presentation to suit the taste of distinct readerships, local and remote. Publishing in vernacular languages required typographical innovations, as the chapter on William Caxton’s Flanders enterprise demonstrates. Eighteenth-century collectors dislodged books from institutions where they had rested since the sales drives of early printers. Erudite and entertaining, Hellinga’s evidence-based approach, linked to historical context, deepens understanding of the trade in early printed books.

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"In 1949 Francis Bacon found his subject - the human body - and from then on it remained his principal theme. But he did not paint from life. Instead he appropriated images from the mass media that he manipulated into his 'studies'. His paintings bore witness to the shattered psychology of the time and shot him to a prominence that hardly diminished over the next fifty years, and that continues to rise." "This book presents many of the 'working documents' about which Bacon was entirely secretive but which, it emerges, were integral to his creative process. Culled from thousands of pieces of original material found in his studio, including newspapers, magazines, books and photographs, these items have each been exhaustively and minutely researched, providing for the first time comprehensive details of the artist's sources. This base material - folded, torn, clipped and spattered with paint - underwent an alchemical transformation frond mundane matter into new images." "Nearly all previously unseen, these visually thrilling documents demonstrate Bacon's tactile, visceral relationship with his sources, and his unerring eye for seeking out visual stimulation in the most unexpected places. His paintings emerged from a dialogue between great art of the past and photographic imagery of the present: and, as a painter of the transient, his work also shared the pulse and flicker of his other significant inspiration, early cinema. His fascination with medium itself - the texture of paint, the quality of newsprint, the techniques of mechanical reproduction of both the still and moving image - throws light on the nature of Bacon's points of contact with the twentieth century."--BOOK JACKET.