In collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory has conducted a national analysis of road grade characteristics experienced by U.S. medium- and heavy-duty trucks on controlled access highways. These characteristics have been developed using TomTom's commercially available street map and road grade report includes a detailed comparison of the TomTom national road grade database relative to a local road grade dataset generated by Southwest Research Institute and a national elevation dataset publically available from the U.S. Geological Survey. This analysis concluded that the TomTom national road grade database was a suitable source of road grade data for purposes of this study. Using the TomTom national road grade database, national statistics on road grade and hill distances were generated for the U.S. network of controlled access highways. These statistical distributions were then weighted using data provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on activity of medium- and heavy-duty trucks on controlled access highways. The national activity-weighted road grade and hill distance distributions were then used as targets for development of a handful of sample grade profiles potentially to be used in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model certification tool as well as in dynamometer testing of medium- and heavy duty vehicles and their powertrains. Future work in this area may include the development of a highway drive cycle with transient speeds aligned to reflect real-world operation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles on controlled access highways. Such a drive cycle would consider the correlation between vehicle speed and road grade as observed in on-road data.

This report presents the results for the work conducted jointly by the JRC and the French Market Surveillance Authority as a joint action of market surveillance (MaSu) and regarding emissions from motor vehicles. One N2 Diesel heavy-duty vehicle (HDV) was tested during this pilot activity on the road under regulated conditions fulfilling the Euro VI In-Service Conformity (ISC) requirements, and in the laboratory on a chassis dynamometer under the word-harmonized vehicle cycle (WHVC). The tests were performed with three different payloads (10%, 55% and 100%). During the on-road tests, emissions of NOx, CO, hydrocarbons, CH4 and CO2 were measured using a portable emissions measurement system (PEMS). The document is structured in three main chapters: - An overview of the emissions requirements applicable to heavy-duty engines/vehicles and methodologies for their verification, covering tailpipe emissions, on-board diagnostics (OBD), detection of auxiliary emissions strategies (AES), durability requirements, and an overview of market surveillance tests. - The tailpipe emissions test results and compliance findings, including emissions tests under regulated conditions, and tests conducted outside the regulated conditions (e.g. WHVC tests), with a tentative to identify the parameters likely to cause an increase of emissions and/or triggering auxiliary emissions strategies (AES) or illegal defeat devices. - And other verifications on on-board diagnostics (OBD) and the assessment of durability, which cannot be made using the type-approval procedure. The results show that the tested HDV complies with the regulatory limit values as the emissions for the gaseous pollutants (NOx, CO and THC) were below the applicable conformity factors (ISC tests).

Engines for heavy-duty vehicles are emission certified by running engines according to specified load pattern or duty cycle. In the US, the US Heavy-Duty Transient cycle has been in use already for a number of years, and Europe is, according to the requirements of the Directive 1999/96/EC gradually switching to transient-type testing. Evaluating the in-use emission performance of heavy-duty vehicles presents a problem. Taking engines out of vehicles for engine dynamometer testing is difficult and costly. In addition, engine dynamometer testing does not take into account the properties of the vehicle itself (i.e. mass, transmission etc.). It is also debatable, how well the standardized duty cycles reflect real-life -driving patterns. VTT Processes has recently commissioned a new emission laboratory for heavy-duty vehicles. The facility comprises both engine test stand and a fully transient heavy-duty chassis dynamometer. The roller diameter of the dynamometer is 2.5 meters. Regulated emissions are measured using a full-flow CVS system. The HD vehicle chassis dynamometer measurements (emissions, fuel consumption) has been granted accreditation by the Centre of Metrology and Accreditation (MIKES, Finland). A national program to generate emission data on buses has been set up for the years 2002-2004. The target is to generate emission factors for some 50 different buses representing different degree of sophistication (Euro 1 to Euro5/EEV, with and without exhaust gas aftertreatment), different fuel technologies (diesel, natural gas) and different ages (the effect of aging). The work is funded by the Metropolitan Council of Helsinki, Helsinki City Transport, The Ministry of Transport and Communications Finland and the gas company Gasum Oy. The International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles (IANGV) has opted to buy into the project. For IANGV, VTT will deliver comprehensive emission data (including particle size distribution and chemical and biological characterization of particles) for up-to-date diesel and natural gas vehicles. The paper describes the methodology used for the measurements on buses, the test matrix and some preliminary emission data on both regulated and unregulated emissions.

Revisions to In-Use Testing for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles - Emissions Measurement and Instrumentation - Not-to-Exceed Emission Standards (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) The Law Library presents the complete text of the Revisions to In-Use Testing for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles - Emissions Measurement and Instrumentation - Not-to-Exceed Emission Standards (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition). Updated as of May 29, 2018 EPA is taking direct final action on several revisions to EPA's mobile source emission programs standards and test procedures. EPA believes that each of these is minor and non-controversial in nature. Most of the changes arise from the results of the collaborative test program and related technical work we conducted for the highway heavy-duty diesel in-use testing program. Most noteworthy here is the adoption of a particulate matter measurement allowance for use with portable emission measurement systems. Related to this are two provisions to align the in-use program timing requirements with completion of the program as required in current regulations and the incorporation of revisions to a few technical requirements in the testing regulations based on information learned in this and one other test program. Finally, the DFR modifies a few transitional flexibilities for locomotive, recreational marine, and Tier 4 nonroad engines and incorporates a handful of minor corrections. This book contains: - The complete text of the Revisions to In-Use Testing for Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines and Vehicles - Emissions Measurement and Instrumentation - Not-to-Exceed Emission Standards (US Environmental Protection Agency Regulation) (EPA) (2018 Edition) - A table of contents with the page number of each section

This volume of the IARC Monographs provides evaluations of the carcinogenicity of diesel and gasoline engine exhausts, and of 10 nitroarenes found in diesel engine exhaust: 3,7-dinitrofluoranthene, 3,9-dinitrofluoranthene, 1,3-dinitropyrene, 1,6-dinitropyrene, 1,8-dinitropyrene, 6-nitrochrysene, 2-nitrofluorene, 1-nitropyrene, 4-nitropyrene, and 3-nitrobenzanthrone. Diesel engines are used for transport on and off roads (e.g. passenger cars, buses, trucks, trains, ships), for machinery in various industrial sectors (e.g. mining, construction), and for electricity generators, particularly in developing countries. Gasoline engines are used in cars and hand-held equipment (e.g. chainsaws). The emissions from such combustion engines comprise a complex and varying mixture of gases (e.g. carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides), particles (e.g. PM10, PM2.5, ultrafine particles, elemental carbon, organic carbon, ash, sulfate, and metals), volatile organic compunds (e.g. benzene, formaldehyde) and semi-volatile organic compounds (e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) including oxygenated and nitrated derivatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Diesel and gasoline engines thus make a significant contribution to a broad range of air pollutants to which people are exposed in the general population as well as in different occupational settings. An IARC Monographs Working Group reviewed epidemiological evidence, animal bioassays, and mechanistic and other relevant data to reach conclusions as to the carcinogenic hazard to humans of environmental or occupational exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts (including those associated with the mining, railroad, construction, and transportation industries) and to 10 selected nitroarenes. -- Back cover.