The advances of ladle metallurgy have led to very significant developments in the internal cleanliness of low alloy steel products. This development, which started with the design of the first functioning ladle furnaces with effective stirring facilities, has now reached a level where "standard" produced steels outperform complex and costly remelting processes. The steel making advances necessitates corresponding developments in testing procedures, perhaps in particular as concerns the control of the non-metallic inclusion contents of steel. The developments in steel processing are reviewed and recent progress in the rating of non-metallic inclusions is detailed, in particular as regards test methods encompassing ultrasonic techniques. Further, recent advances in assessing fatigue initiation causes in bearing steels are discussed and related to contents and morphology of micro-inclusions.

Proceedings of the May 1998 symposium on steel, stainless steel, and related alloys. Emphasizing the effect on the products rather than manufacturing methods, seven papers show that the level of inclusion identification and control through processing improvements is greatly dependent upon the sector

This highly illustrated resource covers the characteristics, properties, specifications, heat treatment, and application of steels for engineering students, non-metallurgical engineers, and technicians. There’s a saying that “steel makes the world.” From a tiny pin in a sewing kit to home appliances to cars to bridges, steel is everywhere. While there are numerous books on steel, few, if any, address the true application of steels in a practical manner. This book was written to fill that gap. Divided into four parts, Steel Metallurgy: Properties, Specifications, and Applications covers the basic metallurgical facts and characteristics, properties, standards, and grades of steel. Classifications of steel based on standards and structural engineering are then discussed, followed by heat treatment and welding of steels. The book then focuses on the application of steel and its reliability and failures, and shows, through numerous illustrations and case studies, how it’s processed and used for various purposes. Armed with the information in this book, metallurgical and engineering students will become truly “industry ready.” Case studies and illustrations show steel being used in practical, everyday applications, making the book user friendly yet comprehensive Lays the ground work for steel selection, and discusses the methods of selection Contains appendices with steel grades, compositions, and standards; physical data and conversions; temperature, hardness, and work/energy conversion tables Includes a glossary of important metallurgical terms

The automobile industry is tremendously peculiar due to several strict requirements regarding functional reliability, safety standards, comfort level, high-volume production, and environmental limits. In addition, the industry is experiencing a disruptive evolution of modern vehicle research and design: electrification, connectivity, and autonomous driving. This book provides a robust overview of automotive engineering, including new proposals and the latest trends in road vehicle systems and sub-systems. Each chapter presents a rigorous analysis or a new solution in a clear and concise manner, such that professional and academic readers will appreciate both the theory dissertation and the industrial application.