This introductory text covers the algebra of subsets and of rings and fields of sets, complementation and ideal theory in the distributive lattice, closure function, neighborhood topology, much more. Includes numerous exercises. 1960 edition.

One of the ways in which topology has influenced other branches of mathematics in the past few decades is by putting the study of continuity and convergence into a general setting. This new edition of Wilson Sutherland's classic text introduces metric and topological spaces by describing some of that influence. The aim is to move gradually from familiar real analysis to abstract topological spaces, using metric spaces as a bridge between the two. The language of metric and topological spaces is established with continuity as the motivating concept. Several concepts are introduced, first in metric spaces and then repeated for topological spaces, to help convey familiarity. The discussion develops to cover connectedness, compactness and completeness, a trio widely used in the rest of mathematics. Topology also has a more geometric aspect which is familiar in popular expositions of the subject as `rubber-sheet geometry', with pictures of Möbius bands, doughnuts, Klein bottles and the like; this geometric aspect is illustrated by describing some standard surfaces, and it is shown how all this fits into the same story as the more analytic developments. The book is primarily aimed at second- or third-year mathematics students. There are numerous exercises, many of the more challenging ones accompanied by hints, as well as a companion website, with further explanations and examples as well as material supplementary to that in the book.

This article addressed the concept of neutrosophic micro ideal topology which is induced by the two litereture, they are ideal topological spaces and micro topology.

Neutrosophic nano topology and Nano ideal topological spaces induced the authors to propose this new concept. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new type of structural space called neutrosophic nano ideal topological spaces and investigate the relation between neutrosophic nano topological space and neutrosophic nano ideal topological spaces.

This book is the proceedings of the Third International Conference on Fuzzy Information and Engineering (ICFIE 2009) held in the famous mountain city Chongqing in Southwestern China, from September 26-29, 2009. Only high-quality papers are included. The ICFIE 2009, built on the success of previous conferences, the ICFIE 2007 (Guangzhou, China), is a major symposium for scientists, engineers and practitioners in the world to present their updated results, ideas, developments and applications in all areas of fuzzy information and engineering. It aims to strengthen relations between industry research laboratories and universities, and to create a primary symposium for world scientists in fuzzy fields as follows: Fuzzy Information; Fuzzy Sets and Systems; Soft Computing; Fuzzy Engineering; Fuzzy Operation Research and Management; Artificial Intelligence; Fuzzy Mathematics and Systems in Applications, etc.