These proceedings represent the work of contributors to the 2nd International Conference on Tourism Research (ICTR 2019), hosted by University Portucalense on 14-15 March 2019. The Conference Chair is Dr. Cristina Sousa and the Programme Chairs are Dr. Isabel Vaz de Freitas and Dr. Jorge Marques, all from Portucalense University. ICTR is now a well-established event on the academic research calendar and now in its 2nd year the key aim remains the opportunity for participants to share ideas and meet the people who hold them. The scope of papers will ensure an interesting two days. The subjects covered illustrate the wide range of topics that fall into this important and ever-growing area of research. The opening keynote presentation is given by Prof Greg Gardner, State University of New York, who will talk about The Importance of The Past in an Uncertain Future. Then an afternoon keynote will be given by Dr. Hajnalka Csáfor, Eszterházy Károly University, Eger Hungary, on the subject Developing a Dual Education System in Tourism Studies. The second day of the conference will open with an address by Dr. Sanna-Mari Renfors, from the Satakunta University of Applied Sciences (SAMK), Finland on the topic of Opportunities for sustainable development of coastal and maritime tourism: The case of Finland. With an initial submission of 124 abstracts, after the double blind, peer review process there are 41 Academic research papers, 3 PhD research papers, 1 Masters Research paper and 1 work-in-progress paper published in these Conference Proceedings. These papers represent research from Austria, Brazil, Canada, Czech Republic, Egypt, Finland, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Switzerland, Tanzania, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and United States of America.

This book features a collection of high-quality research papers presented at the International Conference on Tourism, Technology & Systems (ICOTTS 2019), held at the Universidad Abierta Interamericana, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, from 5th to 7th December 2019. It covers the areas technology in tourism and the tourist experience, generations and technology in tourism, digital marketing applied to tourism and travel, mobile technologies applied to sustainable tourism, information technologies in tourism, digital transformation of tourism business, e-tourism and tourism 2.0, big data and management for travel and tourism, geotagging and tourist mobility, smart destinations, robotics in tourism, and information systems and technologies.

Although there have been considerable technological advances over the past decade, particularly in terms of mobile applications, much remains unknown about their effect on societal progress. This book focuses on how inequality and entrepreneurship are both by-products of technological change. The book provides insights into how society has shifted from consumer division to human centricity, and helps readers gain a better understanding of the positive and negative effects of entrepreneurship.

Topics covered include policy, planning and strategy, stakeholders, new markets, infrastructure, transport and research and knowledge transfer with contributions from countries as diverse as Brazil, Croatia, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Spain.

This volume presents theoretical and empirical research on universities and their entrepreneurial ecosystems to better grasp the connections between universities and their surrounding environments and their engagement with sustainability. The book provides a better understanding of the entrepreneurial characteristics of universities. It examines the ways in which universities’ collaboration and participation in an ecosystem support business and industry transformation. It also investigates how universities function within the university/industry/government/third sector relationship nexus. The book enables the systematisation of the literature while simultaneously builds theory, empirically testing existing theories, and contributes towards a future research agenda geared towards sustainability. The book gathers contributions from varied geographical contexts providing an international perspective.