Hybridness is a topical, if somewhat ambiguous, concept in a research environment where there is increasing acceptance of multiple co-existent research paradigms: artificial intelligence with its emphasis on reasoning with abstract symbols; the connectionist approach, with its exploration of the synergies of many interconnected simple structures; and Nouvelle Robotics, which places a focus on the interplay between systems generating skill or behaviour in complete agents. There is scope for considerable argument about principles, research programmes, the Nature of Things, as well as room for compromise and synthesis. This collection of papers, presented at AISB '95 (the 10th biennial conference on AI and the Simulation of Behaviour) reveals both argument and synthesis.

Optimal Control of Hybrid Vehicles provides a description of power train control for hybrid vehicles. The background, environmental motivation and control challenges associated with hybrid vehicles are introduced. The text includes mathematical models for all relevant components in the hybrid power train. The power split problem in hybrid power trains is formally described and several numerical solutions detailed, including dynamic programming and a novel solution for state-constrained optimal control problems based on the maximum principle. Real-time-implementable strategies that can approximate the optimal solution closely are dealt with in depth. Several approaches are discussed and compared, including a state-of-the-art strategy which is adaptive for vehicle conditions like velocity and mass. Three case studies are included in the book: • a control strategy for a micro-hybrid power train; • experimental results obtained with a real-time strategy implemented in a hybrid electric truck; and • an analysis of the optimal component sizes for a hybrid power train. Optimal Control of Hybrid Vehicles will appeal to academic researchers and graduate students interested in hybrid vehicle control or in the applications of optimal control. Practitioners working in the design of control systems for the automotive industry will also find the ideas propounded in this book of interest.

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is now an essential and effective tool used in the design of all types of turbomachine, and this topic constitutes the main theme of this book. With over 50 years of experience in the field of aerodynamics, Professor Naixing Chen has developed a wide range of numerical methods covering almost the entire spectrum of turbomachinery applications. Moreover, he has also made significant contributions to practical experiments and real-life designs. The book focuses on rigorous mathematical derivation of the equations governing flow and detailed descriptions of the numerical methods used to solve the equations. Numerous applications of the methods to different types of turbomachine are given and, in many cases, the numerical results are compared to experimental measurements. These comparisons illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the methods – a useful guide for readers. Lessons for the design of improved blading are also indicated after many applications. Presents real-world perspective to the past, present and future concern in turbomachinery Covers direct and inverse solutions with theoretical and practical aspects Demonstrates huge application background in China Supplementary instructional materials are available on the companion website Aerothermodynamics of Turbomachinery: Analysis and Design is ideal for senior undergraduates and graduates studying in the fields of mechanics, energy and power, and aerospace engineering; design engineers in the business of manufacturing compressors, steam and gas turbines; and research engineers and scientists working in the areas of fluid mechanics, aerodynamics, and heat transfer. Supplementary lecture materials for instructors are available at www.wiley.com/go/chenturbo

Nonlinear Industrial Control Systems presents a range of mostly optimisation-based methods for severely nonlinear systems; it discusses feedforward and feedback control and tracking control systems design. The plant models and design algorithms are provided in a MATLAB® toolbox that enable both academic examples and industrial application studies to be repeated and evaluated, taking into account practical application and implementation problems. The text makes nonlinear control theory accessible to readers having only a background in linear systems, and concentrates on real applications of nonlinear control. It covers: different ways of modelling nonlinear systems including state space, polynomial-based, linear parameter varying, state-dependent and hybrid; design techniques for nonlinear optimal control including generalised-minimum-variance, model predictive control, quadratic-Gaussian, factorised and H∞ design methods; design philosophies that are suitable for aerospace, automotive, marine, process-control, energy systems, robotics, servo systems and manufacturing; steps in design procedures that are illustrated in design studies to define cost-functions and cope with problems such as disturbance rejection, uncertainties and integral wind-up; and baseline non-optimal control techniques such as nonlinear Smith predictors, feedback linearization, sliding mode control and nonlinear PID. Nonlinear Industrial Control Systems is valuable to engineers in industry dealing with actual nonlinear systems. It provides students with a comprehensive range of techniques and examples for solving real nonlinear control design problems.

Moral theories are called on to play both a theoretical and a practical role. In their theoretical role they provide accounts of what features make actions right or wrong. In their practical role, they provide a standard by which agents can guide their own conduct. Although it is often assumed that a single theory can successfully serve both these roles, in fact the limits on human knowledge often prevent people from using traditional normative theories to make decisions. People suffer from a wealth of impediments to their grasp of facts morally relevant to their choices: they labor under false beliefs, or they are ignorant or uncertain about the circumstances and consequences of their possible actions. An agent so hampered cannot successfully use her chosen moral theory as a decision guide. Holly M. Smith examines three major strategies for addressing this "epistemic problem" in morality. One strategy argues that the epistemic limitations of agents are defects in them but not in the moral theories, which are only required to play the theoretical role. A second strategy holds that the main point of morality is to play the practical role, so that any theory incapable of guiding decisions provides an unacceptable account of right-making features, and must be rejected in favour of a more usable theory. The third strategy claims the correct theory can play both the theoretical and practical role by offering a two tier structure. The top tier plays the theoretical role, while the lower tier provides a coordinated set of user-friendly decision guides that play the practical role. Agents use the theoretical account indirectly to guide their choices by directly utilizing the supplementary decision guides. Smith argues that the first two strategies should be rejected, and develops a detailed novel version of the third strategy that positions us to understand its strengths and shortcomings. Making Morality Work opens a path towards resolving a deep problem of moral life.

Electrical Engineer's Reference Book, Fourteenth Edition focuses on electrical engineering. The book first discusses units, mathematics, and physical quantities, including the international unit system, physical properties, and electricity. The text also looks at network and control systems analysis. The book examines materials used in electrical engineering. Topics include conducting materials, superconductors, silicon, insulating materials, electrical steels, and soft irons and relay steels. The text underscores electrical metrology and instrumentation, steam-generating plants, turbines and diesel plants, and nuclear reactor plants. The book also discusses alternative energy sources. Concerns include wind, geothermal, wave, ocean thermal, solar, and tidal energy. The text then looks at alternating-current generators. Stator windings, insulation, output equation, armature reaction, and reactants and time-constraints are described. The book also examines overhead lines, cables, power transformers, switchgears and protection, supply and control of reactive power, and power systems operation and control. The text is a vital source of reference for readers interested in electrical engineering.