Casemix system or Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) has been implemented in UKM-Medical Centre, currently known as Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz UKM, since 2002 with the deployment of a locally developed MY-DRG casemix grouper. Coding of diagnosis and procedures using ICD-10 and ICD9-CM are among the major variables required for optimum implementation of casemix system. The impact of coding errors on hospital revenue and budget has rarely been assessed in countries that implement casemix system for provider's reimbursement. This book reports an outcome of the first study done in Malaysia to quantify the economic losses due to coding errors. A blinded re-coding process was conducted to evaluate the quality of clinical coding of randomly selected patient medical records from four major specialities in the hospital: Medical, Surgical, Paediatrics and Obstetrics & Gynaecology. The rates of overall coding errors were identified, and the different types of coding errors were analysed and reported in detail. The amount of losses in hospital revenue due to coding errors were estimated in the study. Factors that led to the coding errors of diagnoses and procedures were analysed and presented in this book. It is hope that results of this unique research reported in this book would encourage leaders in hospital services to pay serious attention on the problems and embark on intensive and continues training of coders and other clinical staff to effectively reduce the coding errors in the implementation of casemix system.

Providing in-depth treatment of error correction Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods and Algorithms, 2nd Edition provides a comprehensive introduction to classical and modern methods of error correction. The presentation provides a clear, practical introduction to using a lab-oriented approach. Readers are encouraged to implement the encoding and decoding algorithms with explicit algorithm statements and the mathematics used in error correction, balanced with an algorithmic development on how to actually do the encoding and decoding. Both block and stream (convolutional) codes are discussed, and the mathematics required to understand them are introduced on a "just-in-time" basis as the reader progresses through the book. The second edition increases the impact and reach of the book, updating it to discuss recent important technological advances. New material includes: Extensive coverage of LDPC codes, including a variety of decoding algorithms A comprehensive introduction to polar codes, including systematic encoding/decoding and list decoding An introduction to fountain codes Modern applications to systems such as HDTV, DVBT2, and cell phones Error Correction Coding includes extensive program files (for example, C++ code for all LDPC decoders and polar code decoders), laboratory materials for students to implement algorithms, and an updated solutions manual, all of which are perfect to help the reader understand and retain the content. The book covers classical BCH, Reed Solomon, Golay, Reed Muller, Hamming, and convolutional codes which are still component codes in virtually every modern communication system. There are also fulsome discussions of recently developed polar codes and fountain codes that serve to educate the reader on the newest developments in error correction.

The Code of Federal Regulations is the codification of the general and permanent rules published in the Federal Register by the executive departments and agencies of the Federal Government.

Presenting an introduction to computing and advice on computer applications, this book examines hardware and software with respect to the needs of the social scientist. It offers a framework for the use of computers, with focus on the 'work station', the center of which is a personal computer connected to networks by a telephone-based modem.

The Best-Selling Introduction to Digital Communications: Thoroughly Revised and Updated for OFDM, MIMO, LTE, and More With remarkable clarity, Drs. Bernard Sklar and fred harris introduce every digital communication technology at the heart of today's wireless and Internet revolutions, with completely new chapters on synchronization, OFDM, and MIMO. Building on the field's classic, best-selling introduction, the authors provide a unified structure and context for helping students and professional engineers understand each technology, without sacrificing mathematical precision. They illuminate the big picture and details of modulation, coding, and signal processing, tracing signals and processing steps from information source through sink. Throughout, readers will find numeric examples, step-by-step implementation guidance, and diagrams that place key concepts in clear context. Understand signals, spectra, modulation, demodulation, detection, communication links, system link budgets, synchronization, fading, and other key concepts Apply channel coding techniques, including advanced turbo coding and LDPC Explore multiplexing, multiple access, and spread spectrum concepts and techniques Learn about source coding: amplitude quantizing, differential PCM, and adaptive prediction Discover the essentials and applications of synchronization, OFDM, and MIMO technology More than ever, this is an ideal resource for practicing electrical engineers and students who want a practical, accessible introduction to modern digital communications. This Third Edition includes online access to additional examples and material on the book's website.