This is the second edition of the WHO handbook on the safe, sustainable and affordable management of health-care waste--commonly known as "the Blue Book". The original Blue Book was a comprehensive publication used widely in health-care centers and government agencies to assist in the adoption of national guidance. It also provided support to committed medical directors and managers to make improvements and presented practical information on waste-management techniques for medical staff and waste workers. It has been more than ten years since the first edition of the Blue Book. During the intervening period, the requirements on generators of health-care wastes have evolved and new methods have become available. Consequently, WHO recognized that it was an appropriate time to update the original text. The purpose of the second edition is to expand and update the practical information in the original Blue Book. The new Blue Book is designed to continue to be a source of impartial health-care information and guidance on safe waste-management practices. The editors' intention has been to keep the best of the original publication and supplement it with the latest relevant information. The audience for the Blue Book has expanded. Initially, the publication was intended for those directly involved in the creation and handling of health-care wastes: medical staff, health-care facility directors, ancillary health workers, infection-control officers and waste workers. This is no longer the situation. A wider range of people and organizations now have an active interest in the safe management of health-care wastes: regulators, policy-makers, development organizations, voluntary groups, environmental bodies, environmental health practitioners, advisers, researchers and students. They should also find the new Blue Book of benefit to their activities. Chapters 2 and 3 explain the various types of waste produced from health-care facilities, their typical characteristics and the hazards these wastes pose to patients, staff and the general environment. Chapters 4 and 5 introduce the guiding regulatory principles for developing local or national approaches to tackling health-care waste management and transposing these into practical plans for regions and individual health-care facilities. Specific methods and technologies are described for waste minimization, segregation and treatment of health-care wastes in Chapters 6, 7 and 8. These chapters introduce the basic features of each technology and the operational and environmental characteristics required to be achieved, followed by information on the potential advantages and disadvantages of each system. To reflect concerns about the difficulties of handling health-care wastewaters, Chapter 9 is an expanded chapter with new guidance on the various sources of wastewater and wastewater treatment options for places not connected to central sewerage systems. Further chapters address issues on economics (Chapter 10), occupational safety (Chapter 11), hygiene and infection control (Chapter 12), and staff training and public awareness (Chapter 13). A wider range of information has been incorporated into this edition of the Blue Book, with the addition of two new chapters on health-care waste management in emergencies (Chapter 14) and an overview of the emerging issues of pandemics, drug-resistant pathogens, climate change and technology advances in medical techniques that will have to be accommodated by health-care waste systems in the future (Chapter 15).

Abbreviations xv Introduction xvii 1. Our Environment 1 2. Hospital Waste 5 3. Effect of Hospital Waste on Environment and Health 18 4. Generation and Segregation 32 5. Transport and Storage 44 6. Treatment and Disposal of Waste 53 7. Education and Training 79 8. Managerial Issues in Biomedical Waste Management 93 9. New Concept in Biomedical Waste Management 113 10. Laws Related to Biomedical Waste Management 116 11. Infection Control 138 12. Occupational Hazards and Universal Precaution 146 13. Mercury Waste Management 157 14. Management of Specialized Waste 172 15. Cytotoxic Waste Management 179 16. Disinfectants in Hospital 187 17. Biomedical Waste Management in COVID-19 197 Key Concepts 203 Annexures 217 Further Readings 259

Master's Thesis from the year 2010 in the subject Health - Public Health, , course: MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY, language: English, abstract: Background and objectives: Growing urbanization has led to several changes in the healthcare sector. While on one hand, access to healthcare services are being provided to the community thereby resulting in the better health for all, improper management of biomedical waste emanating from these healthcare establishments has also given rise to many environmental and health problems. Although awareness in this issue has considerably increased over the last few years, sensitivity to this problem has been limited. Most hospitals are not actively involved in addressing this problem. Also, the staffs are not trained in the proper waste management procedures. The present interventional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about hospital waste management, to provide training programme on hospital waste management and to assess the effect of training among the staff of dental teaching hospitals in Bangalore city. Methodology: A specially prepared and pre-tested structured questionnaire was given to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices among the staff of dental teaching hospitals and collected personally. One day training programme on the hospital waste management was organized at each dental college. Intervention was evaluated by assessing improvements in their knowledge, change in attitude and practice scores after intervention in comparison to the base line scores. Results: Two months after intervention there was a 24.4% improvement in knowledge among the dentists, 18.7% improvement among auxiliaries and 23.3% improvement (p

Everyday, thousands of hospitals around the country produce thousands of tons of infectious waste. The disposal of this waste is considered one of America's primary environmental problems. Drawing on the author's 20 years of experience as an administrator, department director, and staff consultant, Infectious Waste Management offers an insider's approach to medical waste management. This reference includes information on how to manage medical waste practically. It gives simple, effective procedures on how to a establish or revitalize a waste management program. Written in a friendly, understandable style, the book covers everything from working with administration to provide necessary resources to getting employees to work effectively. It describes cost-containing guidelines and establishing regulatory compliance. This invaluable guide discusses proper department procedures and methods to monitor systems. The book contains "education modules" or short education tools which can be used to convey important task-oriented information to staff. The book is divided into three sections according to the intended audience. Text in the first section is directed toward hospital administrators and members of the infection control and safety committees. The second is primarily for department directors and focuses on writing infectious waste management procedures for the departments of environmental services and maintenance. This section also addresses the essential functions of program monitoring and waste tracking or manifesting. The third part is for people responsible for educating staff. Together, these sections present an effective, full-staff approach to infectious waste management. The book has a number of appendices, which restate important points made throughout the book and provide sample policies, procedures, letters, memos, reference cards, and other management or education tools that will prove helpful.

Provides Comprehensive Framework For Safe And Effective Management Of Hospital Waste. Useful Health Care Institution And Staff Who Are Exposed For Hazards By Inproper Management Of Hospital Waste. Has 7 Chapters And 5 Useful Annexures.