Susan Zuccotti describes the ever-escalating dangers to which Jewish refugees and recent immigrants were subjected to in France and Italy as the Holocaust marched forward. She chronicles the lives of nine central and eastern European Jewish families, through historical documents and personal testimonies.

This is the story of a young Greek Jew, who was transported with his family to Auschwitz. His parents exterminated immediately, the boy's survival depended upon his ability to survive unspeakable tasks as a trade-off for life, until his liberation by the advancing American troops.

"Of the many refugee trails filled with stateless Jews fleeing Europe during the decades of the Nazi Regime, the odyssey of Cantor Joseph Cysner's escape from Hamburg to Poland to the Philippines stands unique. Joseph escaped the fate of thousands of refugees held at border-camps along the German-Polish border in 1938 and joined hundreds of European refugee Jews ultimately saved from destruction between 1937 and 1941 by little known rescue plans in the East Asian Community of the Philippines. His rescue by Commonwealth officials President Manual Quezon and High Commissioner Paul V. McNutt, and American Jewish businessmen and leaders in Manila, illuminates their heroic efforts in organizing selection and sponsorship programs that overcame limits imposed by the US and other countries during the refugee crisis and heroically saved as many souls as they could before war intervened. Even though it too was ill-fated by the Japanese invasion, Quezon's remarkable offer demonstrated what could be accomplished when nation's leaders were willing to put aside political agendas to act in the universally noble cause of saving human lives. By opening their doors to the refugees, the Filipinos also opened their hearts and gave them a new homeland. Joseph Cysner's personal story of refuge in the Philippines and the vibrant Jewish community that arose there weaves itself throughout the humanitarian efforts to aid the persecuted with a sanctuary in the Pacific. This book resurrects these important events from historical oblivion"--

Memoirs of a Jew from Slovakia, born in the village of Dlhe in 1917 as Jozef Kornfeld. When the independent Slovak state was established in 1939, he lived in Presov. Describes the expulsion of Jews to Hungarian-annexed Kosice in 1939 and restrictions imposed on the Jews by the antisemitic government of Slovakia in that year. Kalina worked in his brother's lumber business in Presov and was considered important to the economy; he was exempted from the deportations of 1942 in which all but 600 Jews of Presov were deported to Auschwitz. In 1944 he fled to Zilina, provided with "Aryan" papers by his friend, Ludovit Argay, and hid. In November 1944 he was arrested and sent to a Messerschmitt labor camp in Augsburg; he was sent by the camp administration on a mission and passed to the liberated area. His wife Maria survived at a farm near Zilina, helped by a local peasant.

In The Odyssey of an Apple Thief, Moishe Rozenbaumas (1922–2016) recounts his fascinating life, from his Lithuanian boyhood, to the fraught experiences that take him across Europe and Central Asia and back again, to his daring escape from Soviet Russia to build a new life in Paris. Along the way, we get a rarely seen portrait of the lives of working-class Jewish youth in Telz/Telsiai, a religious town renowned for its yeshiva. We hear of the games children played, the theft of apples from a Catholic orchard, and Rozenbaumas’s early apprenticeship as a tailor once his father leaves the country. The war breaks out and the teenaged Rozenbaumas flees Lithuania alone, unable to convince his mother and sibling to go with him. We learn of his life as a starved refugee in an Uzbek kolkhoz, his escape into the Red Army, and his unlikely work in the reconnaissance unit of the Soviet Army. After the war, Rozenbaumas is drafted into the Marxist-Leninist university and as a cadre of the Communist Party, ultimately escaping in 1956 with his family to Paris, where he and his wife give an openly Jewish education to their children. In the vast literature of memory written by Jewish witnesses before, during, and after WWII, Rozenbaumas’s account stands out for the singularity of his experience and for his deft narration of events of mythological dimension from a personal perspective. The Odyssey of an Apple Thief offers not only invaluable testimony of this historical moment but also an illuminating and original portrait of Lithuanian Jews in the twentieth century.

Roman Halter was a spirited, optimistic schoolboy in 1939 when he and his family gathered behind the curtains to watch the Volksdeutsche (German Polish) neighbors of their small town in western Poland greet the arrival of Hitler’s armies with kisses and swastika flags. Within days, the family home had been seized, twelve-year-old Roman had become a slave of the local SS chief, and, returning from an errand, he silently witnessed his Jewish classmates being bayoneted to death by soldiers at the edge of town. So began his remarkable six-year journey through some of the darkest caverns of Nazi Europe that claimed the lives of his family and the 800-strong community of his boyhood. Incredibly, he survived the Lodz ghetto, Auschwitz, the Stutthof concentration camp, and a slave factory in Dresden, only to find this his native village, post-war, was nothing like the home he remembered.

Now part of the eponymous HBO docuseries written and directed by Raoul Peck, “Exterminate All the Brutes” is a brilliant intellectual history of Europe’s genocidal colonization of Africa—and the terrible myths and lies that it spawned “A book of stunning range and near genius. . . . The catastrophic consequences of European imperialism are made palpable in the personal progress of the author, a late-twentieth-century pilgrim in Africa. Lindqvist’s astonishing connections across time and cultures, combined with a marvelous economy of prose, leave the reader appalled, reflective, and grateful.” —David Levering Lewis “Exterminate All the Brutes,” Sven Lindqvist’s widely acclaimed masterpiece, is a searching examination of Europe’s dark history in Africa and the origins of genocide. Using Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness as his point of departure, the award-winning Swedish author takes us on a haunting tour through the colonial past, interwoven with a modern-day travelogue. Retracing the steps of European explorers, missionaries, politicians, and historians in Africa from the late eighteenth century onward, “Exterminate All the Brutes” exposes the roots of genocide in Africa through Lindqvist’s own journey through the Saharan desert. As he shows, fantasies not merely of white superiority but of actual extermination—“cleansing” the earth of the so-called lesser races—deeply informed the colonialism and racist ideology that ultimately culminated in Europe’s own Holocaust. Conquerors’ stories are the ones that inform the self-mythology of the West—whereas the lives and stories of those displaced, enslaved, or killed are too often ignored and forgotten. “Exterminate All the Brutes” forces a crucial reckoning with a past that still echoes in our collective psyche—a reckoning that compels us to acknowledge the exploitation and brutality at the heart of our modern, globalized society. As Adam Hochschild has written, “Lindqvist’s work leaves you changed.”