Census records and name lists for New York are found mostly at the county level, which is why this work shows precisely which census records or census substitutes exist for each of New York's sixty-two counties and where they can be found. In addition to the numerous statewide official censuses taken by New York, this work contains references to census substitutes and name lists for time periods in which the state did not take an official census. It also shows the location of copies of federal census records and provides county boundary maps and numerous state census facsimiles and extraction forms.

NORTH AMERICAN BURL TREEN:COLONIAL & NATIVE AMERICANThe practice of utilizing wood for domestic purposes is as old as civilization itself; however, for Europeans the use of burl was not common practice until they became colonists of North America in the 17th century. They learned from the Native Americans, for whom it was a centuries old tradition that treen made from burl (a knotty outgrowth on a tree), with its interlocking grain and strong matter was more durable than plain treen. Unlike in Europe, burls in North America were abundant, cheap, and a practical resource for everyday wares.Today, early burl treen is part of nearly every major Americana and Native Americana collection, yet the subject has largely been neglected in print, leaving most collectors and dealers with only a general understanding of the material. NORTH AMERICAN BURL TREEN: Colonial & Native American is the first comprehensive survey and study of this important historical craft. Culled from museum and private collections, the book includes nearly 200 objects and over 250 full-color images, most never before published.Chapters include:American Colonial Burl Bowls and Service WearThe Patten Family Maple Burl Sugar BowlThe Covered Burl BowlThe Burl MortarAssorted Burl TreenBurl Effigy Bowls of The Woodlands IndiansNative American Burl BowlsNative American Burl Effigy Ladles, Burl Paddles and ScoopsAtlantic White Cedar Burl of The Abenaki

This volume is part of the definitive edition of letters written by and to Charles Darwin, the most celebrated naturalist of the nineteenth century. Notes and appendixes put these fascinating and wide-ranging letters in context, making the letters accessible to both scholars and general readers. Darwin depended on correspondence to collect data from all over the world, and to discuss his emerging ideas with scientific colleagues, many of whom he never met in person. The letters are published chronologically. In 1881, Darwin published his final book, The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms. He reflected on reactions to his previous book, The Power of Movement in Plants, and worked on two papers for the Linnean Society on the action of carbonate of ammonia on plants. In this year, Darwin's elder brother, Erasmus, died, and a second grandchild, also named Erasmus, was born.