Steels and their heat treatment are still very important in modern industry because most industrial components are made from these materials. The proper choice of steel grades along with their suitable processing makes it possible to reduce the weight of the components, which is closely related to energy and fuel savings. This has decisive importance in branches such as the automotive, transport, consumer industries. A great number of novel heat- and surface-treatment techniques have been developed over the past three decades. These techniques involve, for example, vacuum treatment, sub-zero treatment, laser/electron beam surface hardening and alloying, low-pressure carburizing and nitriding, and physical vapour deposition. This Special Issue contains a collection of original research articles on not only advanced heat-treatment techniques—carburizing and sub-zero treatments—but also on the microstructure–property relationships in different ferrous alloys.

Steels and their heat treatment are still very important in modern industry because most industrial components are made from these materials. The proper choice of steel grades along with their suitable processing makes it possible to reduce the weight of the components, which is closely related to energy and fuel savings. This has decisive importance in branches such as the automotive, transport, consumer industries. A great number of novel heat- and surface-treatment techniques have been developed over the past three decades. These techniques involve, for example, vacuum treatment, sub-zero treatment, laser/electron beam surface hardening and alloying, low-pressure carburizing and nitriding, and physical vapour deposition. This Special Issue contains a collection of original research articles on not only advanced heat-treatment techniques--carburizing and sub-zero treatments--but also on the microstructure-property relationships in different ferrous alloys.

The present needs the past to shape the future. As in many areas of life, heat treatments used in the past have to be studied to understand the present. The resulting conclusions can be used to shape the future. But how did heat treatment develop into a key branch of the economy in spite of its initial inadequacies? This question is the subject of this book, written by Professor Emeritus Dr.-Ing. Hans Berns and published by Härterei Gerster AG. It begins with the production of sponge iron in a bloomery hearth during the pre-Christian era and its subsequent carburisation as an essential requirement for hardening. During the Modern Period, in contrast, the high carbon content of the crude iron had to be painstakingly reduced to a level that allowed forging and hardening. The invention of mild steel in 1856 brought alloyed steels that could be hardened with thicker cross-sections, thus laying the foundations for modern hardening techniques. Härterei Gerster AG, a family business, has become the leading Swiss specialist for technical heat treatments mainly due to ongoing development cooperation with a number of academic institutions. Various development projects established a friendly relationship between Härterei Gerster AG and Prof. Hans Berns.

Steel and Its Heat Treatment, Second Edition presents information, research, and developments in the heat treatment of steel. The book contains chapters that discuss the fundamentals of TTT-diagrams and hardening mechanisms, injection metallurgy and continuous casting, annealing processes, strain aging and temper brittleness. Existing CCT-diagrams are subjected to critical review, the mechanisms controlling hardenability are discussed, and the detailing of the properties of boron constructional steels, micro-alloyed steels and dual-phase steels are also included. Metallurgists, metal workers, and engineers will find the book very useful.

Excerpt from Heat-Treatment of Steel: A Comprehensive Treatise on the Hardening, Tempering, Annealing and Casehardening of Various Kinds of Steel, Including High-Speed, High-Carbon, Alloy and Low-Carbon Steels, Together With Chapters on Heat-Treating Furnaces and on Hardness Testing In the development that has taken place in the methods and processes pertaining to the machine building trades during the past fifteen or twenty years, most remarkable changes have been wrought in the heat-treatment of steel, including the hardening, tempering, annealing and casehardening of the various kinds of steels. The introduction of high-speed steel and of the various alloy steels has especially demanded great modifications of past practice. The present book places on record the modern methods now employed in the heat-treatment of steel, and includes also a treatise on the methods used for measuring the hardness of metals by the various hardness testing apparatus that have been developed in this country and abroad. Special attention has been given to a number of methods very recently developed, making this book the most modern and complete on the subject; thus, for example, a very comprehensive treatment is given of electric hardening furnaces, a development unknown only a few years ago. Another of the more recent developments to which attention has been given is the method of casehardening by carbonaceous gas which has been developed very recently. The well-known twenty-five cent Reference Books which Machinery has published since 1908 and of which one hundred and twenty-five different titles have been published during the past six years, include the best of the material that has appeared in Machinery in past years, adequately revised, amplified and brought up-to-date. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

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