Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: Spirit, and in the History of the World regard everything as only its manifestation, we have, in traversing the past? however extensive its periods?only to do with what is present; for philosophy, as occupying itself with the True, has to do with the eternally fresenL Nothing in the past is lost for it, for the Idea is ever present; Spirit is immortal; with it there is no past, no future, but an essential now. This necessarily implies that the present form of Spirit comprehends within it all earlier steps. These have indeed unfolded themselves in succession independently; but what Spirit is it has always been essentially; distinctions are only the development of this essential nature. The life of the ever present Spirit is a circle of progressive embodiments, which looked at in one aspect still exist beside each other, and only as looked at from another point of view appear as past. The grades which Spirit seems to have left behind it, it still possesses in the depths of its present. GEOGRAPHICAL BASIS OF HISTORY Contrasted with the universality of the moral Whole and with the unity of that individuality which is its active principle, the natural connecticm that helps to produce the Spirit of a People, appears an extrinsic element; but inasmuch as we must regard it as the ground on which that Spirit plays its part, it is an essential and necessary basis. We began with the assertion that, in the History of the World, the Idea of Spirit appears in its actual embodiment as a series of external forms, each one of which declares itself as an actually existing people. This existence falls under the category of Time as well as Space, in the way of natural existence; and the special principle, which every world-historical people embodies, has this principle at the same time as a nat...

The author presents an overall view of Hegel through his philosophical, political and personal ideas.

A new 2023 Translation with Afterword of Hegel's Monumental work Lectures on the Philosophy of world-history (1770–1831) Hegel's "Lectures on the Philosophy of World History" span his teaching career and provide a sweeping overview of world history from a philosophical perspective. Hegel posits that history is a rational process where the World Spirit actualizes itself through the actions of nations and individuals. He emphasizes the importance of freedom as the driving force behind historical development, asserting that each epoch brings humanity closer to realizing universal freedom.

This volume approaches the study of Hegel's History of Philosophy from a variety of angles, while centering on Hegel's Berlin "Lectures on the History of Philosophy" (1819–1831), which were given to students and later published. The lectures address most fundamentally what philosophy is—the philosophy of philosophy, so to speak. The contributors treat many significant and topical issues, including: discussions of Hegel's overall idea of a history of philosophy; his treatment of various philosophers and philosophical views from the historical tradition; and the role of Hegel's own philosophical system as a culmination in the development of philosophy historically. This unique collection provides incisive and provocative analyses on an area of study that until now has not garnered as much attention as it deserves.

A new 2023 translation of Marx's 1844 "Zur Kritik der Hegelschen Rechtsphilosophie" from the original manuscript. This edition includes a new introduction by the translator and reference materials including a Glossary of Philosophic and Economic Marxist Terminology, an Index of Personalities Associated with Marx and a Timeline of Marx’s Life and Works. This is Volume III in The Complete Works of Karl Marx by NL Press. In "Towards the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right" Marx's argument is that Hegel's political philosophy is an abstraction that fails to take into account the concrete reality of human existence and the class struggles that shape it. He contends that in order to understand the state, civil society, and the concept of alienation, one must take into account the economic relations that underlie it and the material conditions of society. The central argument of Marx's critique is that the state is not a neutral arbiter of justice, but is rather an instrument of class warefare and exploitation. This is a mimicry of Feuerbach’s argument nearly word-for-word. Marx's critique serves to demonstrate the importance of a historical and materialist perspective in understanding the nature of human freedom and morality. It serves as a precursor to his later theories of historical materialism and dialectical materialism, which continue to be influential in the modern world. Marx's critique in this work centers around the idea that Hegel's philosophy is an abstraction that fails to take into account the concrete reality of human existence and the class struggles that shape it.