This report provides a state-of-the-art review of the climate change effects on lake hydrodynamics and water quality. Most of the engineering cases in this book deal with the ability of existing infrastructure to cope with extreme weather conditions. The case studies are intended to illustrate the advancement in modeling research on lake hydrodynamics, thermal stratification, pollutant transport, and water quality by highlighting the climate change aspects in the application of these techniques. Topics include climate and lake responses, lake thermodynamics, large-scale circulation, wind-waves on large lakes, great lakes ice cover, and water quality.

Daily maximum and minimum temperatures at 25 stations on the perimeter of the Great Lakes for the winters of 1977-1983 are used to calculate freezing degree-days and thawing degree-days. Daily, weekly, and monthly FDD's and daily TDD's for those years are presented in microfilm appendixes, which are available from the National Snow and Ice Data Center located in Boulder, Colorado. This report also updates an 80-winter FDD climatology and presents tabulations of the seasonal maximum FDD's and TDD's for each of the 86 winters and 87 summers between 1987 and 1983. The maximum FDD's are used to revise winter severity those winters with above and below normal severity over the 86-winter base period. The period of the update is remarkable in that it contained some of the most severe and most mild winters in the 86-year period.