This book constitutes the strictly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, GREC'97, held in Nancy, France, in August 1997. The 34 thoroughly revised full papers presented were carefully selected for inclusion in the book on the basis of a second round of post-workshop reviewing. The book is divided into sections on vectorization and segmentation, symbol recognition, form processing, map processing, engineering drawings, applications and systems, performance evaluation, and a graphics recognition contest.

This book presents refereed and revised papers presented at GREC 2001, the 4th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, which took place in Kingston, Ontario, Canada in September 2001. Graphics recognition is a branch of document image analysis that focuses on the recognition of two-dimensional notations such as engineering drawings, maps, mathematical notation, music notation, tables, and chemical structure diagrams. Due to the growing demand for both o?-line and on-line document recognition systems, the ?eld of graphics recognition has an excitingand promisingfuture. The GREC workshops provide an opportunity for researchers at all levels of experience to share insights into graphics recognition methods. The workshops enjoy strongparticipation from researchers in both industry and academia. They are sponsored by IAPR TC-10, the Technical Committee on Graphics Recog- tion within the International Association for Pattern Recognition. Edited v- umes from the previous three workshops in this series are available as Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vols. 1072, 1389, and 1941. After the GREC 2001 workshop, authors were invited to submit enhanced versions of their papers for review. Every paper was evaluated by three reviewers. We are grateful to both authors and reviewers for their careful work during this review process. Many of the papers that appear in this volume were thoroughly revised and improved, in response to reviewers’ suggestions.

This book presents refereed and revised papers presented at GREC 2001, the 4th IAPR International Workshop on Graphics Recognition, which took place in Kingston, Ontario, Canada in September 2001. Graphics recognition is a branch of document image analysis that focuses on the recognition of two-dimensional notations such as engineering drawings, maps, mathematical notation, music notation, tables, and chemical structure diagrams. Due to the growing demand for both o?-line and on-line document recognition systems, the ?eld of graphics recognition has an excitingand promisingfuture. The GREC workshops provide an opportunity for researchers at all levels of experience to share insights into graphics recognition methods. The workshops enjoy strongparticipation from researchers in both industry and academia. They are sponsored by IAPR TC-10, the Technical Committee on Graphics Recog- tion within the International Association for Pattern Recognition. Edited v- umes from the previous three workshops in this series are available as Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vols. 1072, 1389, and 1941. After the GREC 2001 workshop, authors were invited to submit enhanced versions of their papers for review. Every paper was evaluated by three reviewers. We are grateful to both authors and reviewers for their careful work during this review process. Many of the papers that appear in this volume were thoroughly revised and improved, in response to reviewers’ suggestions.

This edited volume contains refereed and improved versions of select papers 1 that were presented at the third IAPR Workshop on Graphics Recognition (GREC’99), held at Rambagh Palace in Jaipur, India, 26–27, September 1999. The workshop was organized by the TC10 (Technical Committee on Graphics Recognition) of the IAPR. Edited volumes from the previous two workshops in this series are also available as Lecture Notes in Computer Science (volumes 1072 and 1389). Graphics recognition is the study of techniques for computer interpretation of images of line drawings and symbols. This includes methods such as vectori- tion, symbol recognition, and table and chart recognition for applications such as engineering drawings, schematics, logic drawings, maps, diagrams, and musical scores. Some recently developed techniques include graphics-based information or drawing retrieval and recognition of online graphical strokes. With the recent advances in the ?eld, there is now a need to develop benchmarks for evaluating and comparing algorithms and systems. Graphics recognition is a growing ?eld of interest in the broader document image recognition community. The GREC’99 workshop was attended by ?fty-?ve people from ?fteen co- tries. The workshop program consisted of six technical sessions. Each session began with a half-hour invited talk which was followed by several short talks. Each session closed with a half-hour panel discussion where the authors ?elded questions from the other participants. Several interesting new research directions were discussed at the workshop.

The book focuses on one of the key issues in document image processing – graphical symbol recognition, which is a sub-field of the larger research domain of pattern recognition. It covers several approaches: statistical, structural and syntactic, and discusses their merits and demerits considering the context. Through comprehensive experiments, it also explores whether these approaches can be combined. The book presents research problems, state-of-the-art methods that convey basic steps as well as prominent techniques, evaluation metrics and protocols, and research standpoints/directions that are associated with it. However, it is not limited to straightforward isolated graphics (visual patterns) recognition; it also addresses complex and composite graphical symbols recognition, which is motivated by real-world industrial problems.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Document Analysis Systems, DAS 2002, held in Princeton, NJ, USA in August 2002 with sponsorship from IAPR.The 44 revised full papers presented together with 14 short papers were carefuly reviwed and selected for inclusion in the book. All current issues in document analysis systems are adressed. The papers are organized in topical sections on OCR features and systems, handwriting recognition, layout analysis, classifiers and learning, tables and forms, text extraction, indexing and retrieval, document engineering, and new applications.

Thisvolumecontainspapersselectedforpresentationatthe6thIAPRWorkshop on Document Analysis Systems (DAS 2004) held during September 8–10, 2004 at the University of Florence, Italy. Several papers represent the state of the art in a broad range of “traditional” topics such as layout analysis, applications to graphics recognition, and handwritten documents. Other contributions address the description of complete working systems, which is one of the strengths of this workshop. Some papers extend the application domains to other media, like the processing of Internet documents. The peculiarity of this 6th workshop was the large number of papers related to digital libraries and to the processing of historical documents, a taste which frequently requires the analysis of color documents. A total of 17 papers are associated with these topics, whereas two yearsago (in DAS 2002) only a couple of papers dealt with these problems. In our view there are three main reasons for this new wave in the DAS community. From the scienti?c point of view, several research ?elds reached a thorough knowledge of techniques and problems that can be e?ectively solved, and this expertise can now be applied to new domains. Another incentive has been provided by several research projects funded by the EC and the NSF on topics related to digital libraries.