George Kent's book is an articulate and incisive analysis of the ways in which some governments actively promote the use of infant formula. They do this despite the predictable harm it does to children's health. The book is a timely and powerful reminder to governments in the rich and poor world of their obligations under international law to protect children's health and the right to food through framework legislation and the regulation of non-State actors including corporations. Effective remedies are urgently required.

Most of us assume that our government or some international agency is monitoring the quality of infant formula. Government agencies sometimes raise alarms when a batch of formula is seriously contaminated, but they are not monitoring the product to make sure the product helps to make your children as healthy as possible. Manufacturers keep coming up with newer and more expensive versions of infant formula, but no one really knows how they will affect your children's health. And no one is monitoring this! No one compares the healthcare costs linked to different methods of feeding. No one is providing the information that you or any healthcare worker need to make an informed choice between breastfeeding and feeding with infant formula. More than half the infant formula used in the U.S. is provided by the government, at no cost to the families. The government monitors the economic impact on the manufacturers, but not the impact on the health of children. It has been estimated that more than 900 children in the U.S. die each year because they have been fed with infant formula. The large-scale distribution of free formula could end up being very costly to both governments and families, but that is not monitored. This book covers: The regulatory framework Formula's impact on health The assumption of safety of infant formula Outdated and counterfeit infant formula Additives Nutritional adequacy Distribution by governments Strengthening regulations and future work If you are a parent trying to decide whether to breastfeed or formula feed your baby, or if you are a healthcare provider who educates parents on feeding choices, you need to read this book!

Infant formulas are unique because they are the only source of nutrition for many infants during the first 4 to 6 months of life. They are critical to infant health since they must safely support growth and development during a period when the consequences on inadequate nutrition are most severe. Existing guidelines and regulations for evaluating the safety of conventional food ingredients (e.g., vitamins and minerals) added to infant formulas have worked well in the past; however they are not sufficient to address the diversity of potential new ingredients proposed by manufacturers to develop formulas that mimic the perceived and potential benefits of human milk. This book, prepared at the request of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Health Canada, addresses the regulatory and research issues that are critical in assessing the safety of the addition of new ingredients to infants.

Born into a tenant farming family in North Carolina in 1946, Mary Louise, Mary Ann, Mary Alice, and Mary Catherine were medical miracles. Annie Mae Fultz, a Black-Cherokee woman who lost her ability to hear and speak in childhood, became the mother of America's first surviving set of identical quadruplets. They were instant celebrities. Their White doctor named them after his own family members. He sold the rights to use the sisters for marketing purposes to the highest-bidding formula company. The girls lived in poverty, while Pet Milk's profits from a previously untapped market of Black families skyrocketed. Over half a century later, baby formula is a seventy-billion-dollar industry and Black mothers have the lowest breastfeeding rates in the country. Since slavery, legal, political, and societal factors have routinely denied Black women the ability to choose how to feed their babies. In Skimmed, Andrea Freeman tells the riveting story of the Fultz quadruplets while uncovering how feeding America's youngest citizens is awash in social, legal, and cultural inequalities. This book highlights the making of a modern public health crisis, the four extraordinary girls whose stories encapsulate a nationwide injustice, and how we can fight for a healthier future.