Google, officially known as Alphabet Inc., is an American multinational technology company. It was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University. Initially, it started as a research project to develop a search engine, but it rapidly grew into one of the largest and most influential technology companies in the world. Google is primarily known for its internet-related services and products, with its search engine being its most well-known offering. It revolutionized the way people access information by providing a fast and efficient search engine that delivers highly relevant results. Over the years, Google expanded its portfolio to include a wide range of products and services, including Google Maps, Google Drive, Gmail, Google Docs, Google Photos, Google Chrome, YouTube, and many more. In addition to its internet services, Google ventured into hardware with products like the Google Pixel smartphones, Google Home smart speakers, and Google Nest smart home devices. It also developed its own operating system called Android, which has become the most widely used mobile operating system globally. Google's success can be attributed to its ability to monetize its services through online advertising. The company introduced Google AdWords, a highly successful online advertising program that enables businesses to display ads on Google's search engine and other websites through its AdSense program. Advertising contributes significantly to Google's revenue, along with other sources such as cloud services, app sales, and licensing fees. The dataset used in this project starts from 19-Aug-2004 and is updated till 11-Oct-2021. It contains 4317 rows and 7 columns. The columns in the dataset are Date, Open, High, Low, Close, Adj Close, and Volume. You can download the dataset from https://viviansiahaan.blogspot.com/2023/06/google-stock-price-time-series-analysis.html. In this project, you will involve technical indicators such as daily returns, Moving Average Convergence-Divergence (MACD), Relative Strength Index (RSI), Simple Moving Average (SMA), lower and upper bands, and standard deviation. In this book, you will learn how to perform forecasting based on regression on Adj Close price of Google stock price, you will use: Linear Regression, Random Forest regression, Decision Tree regression, Support Vector Machine regression, Naïve Bayes regression, K-Nearest Neighbor regression, Adaboost regression, Gradient Boosting regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting regression, Light Gradient Boosting regression, Catboost regression, MLP regression, Lasso regression, and Ridge regression. The machine learning models used to predict Google daily returns as target variable are K-Nearest Neighbor classifier, Random Forest classifier, Naive Bayes classifier, Logistic Regression classifier, Decision Tree classifier, Support Vector Machine classifier, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting classifier, XGB classifier, MLP classifier, and Extra Trees classifier. Finally, you will develop GUI to plot boundary decision, distribution of features, feature importance, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, performance of the model, and scalability of the model.

Stock trading and financial instrument markets offer significant opportunities for wealth creation. The ability to predict stock price movements has long intrigued researchers and investors alike. While some theories, like the Efficient Market Hypothesis, suggest that consistently beating the market is nearly impossible, others contest this viewpoint. Stock price prediction involves forecasting the future value of a given stock. In this project, we focus on the S&P 500 Index, which consists of 500 stocks from various sectors of the US economy and serves as a key indicator of US equities. To tackle this task, we utilize the Yahoo stock price history dataset, which contains 1825 rows and 7 columns including Date, High, Low, Open, Close, Volume, and Adj Close. To enhance our predictions, we incorporate technical indicators such as daily returns, Moving Average Convergence-Divergence (MACD), Relative Strength Index (RSI), Simple Moving Average (SMA), lower and upper bands, and standard deviation. In this book, for the forecasting task, we employ various regression algorithms including Linear Regression, Random Forest Regression, Decision Tree Regression, Support Vector Regression, Naïve Bayes Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor Regression, Adaboost Regression, Gradient Boosting Regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting Regression, Light Gradient Boosting Regression, Catboost Regression, MLP Regression, Lasso Regression, and Ridge Regression. These models aim to predict the future Adj Close price of the stock based on historical data. In addition to stock price prediction, we also delve into predicting stock daily returns using machine learning models. We utilize K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Naive Bayes Classifier, Logistic Regression Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, Support Vector Machine Classifier, LGBM Classifier, Gradient Boosting Classifier, XGB Classifier, MLP Classifier, and Extra Trees Classifier. These models are trained to predict the direction of daily stock returns (positive or negative) based on various features and technical indicators. To assess the performance of these machine learning models, we evaluate several important metrics. Accuracy measures the overall correctness of the predictions, while recall quantifies the ability to correctly identify positive cases (upward daily returns). Precision evaluates the precision of positive predictions, and the F1 score provides a balanced measure of precision and recall. Additionally, we consider macro average, which calculates the average metric value across all classes, and weighted average, which provides a balanced representation considering class imbalances. To enhance the user experience and facilitate data exploration, we develop a graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI is built using PyQt and offers an interactive platform for users to visualize and interact with the data. It provides features such as plotting boundary decisions, visualizing feature distributions and importance, comparing predicted values with true values, displaying confusion matrices, learning curves, model performance, and scalability analysis. The GUI allows users to customize the analysis by selecting different models, time periods, or variables of interest, making it accessible and user-friendly for individuals without extensive programming knowledge. The combination of exploring the dataset, forecasting stock prices, predicting daily returns, and developing a GUI creates a comprehensive framework for analyzing and understanding stock market trends. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and evaluating performance metrics, we gain valuable insights into the accuracy and effectiveness of our predictions. The GUI further enhances the accessibility and usability of the analysis, enabling users to make data-driven decisions and explore the stock market with ease.

Google, officially known as Alphabet Inc., is an American multinational technology company. It was founded in September 1998 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin while they were Ph.D. students at Stanford University. Initially, it started as a research project to develop a search engine, but it rapidly grew into one of the largest and most influential technology companies in the world. Google is primarily known for its internet-related services and products, with its search engine being its most well-known offering. It revolutionized the way people access information by providing a fast and efficient search engine that delivers highly relevant results. Over the years, Google expanded its portfolio to include a wide range of products and services, including Google Maps, Google Drive, Gmail, Google Docs, Google Photos, Google Chrome, YouTube, and many more. In addition to its internet services, Google ventured into hardware with products like the Google Pixel smartphones, Google Home smart speakers, and Google Nest smart home devices. It also developed its own operating system called Android, which has become the most widely used mobile operating system globally. Google's success can be attributed to its ability to monetize its services through online advertising. The company introduced Google AdWords, a highly successful online advertising program that enables businesses to display ads on Google's search engine and other websites through its AdSense program. Advertising contributes significantly to Google's revenue, along with other sources such as cloud services, app sales, and licensing fees. The dataset used in this project starts from 19-Aug-2004 and is updated till 11-Oct-2021. It contains 4317 rows and 7 columns. The columns in the dataset are Date, Open, High, Low, Close, Adj Close, and Volume. You can download the dataset from https://viviansiahaan.blogspot.com/2023/06/google-stock-price-time-series-analysis.html. In this project, you will involve technical indicators such as daily returns, Moving Average Convergence-Divergence (MACD), Relative Strength Index (RSI), Simple Moving Average (SMA), lower and upper bands, and standard deviation. In this book, you will learn how to perform forecasting based on regression on Adj Close price of Google stock price, you will use: Linear Regression, Random Forest regression, Decision Tree regression, Support Vector Machine regression, Naïve Bayes regression, K-Nearest Neighbor regression, Adaboost regression, Gradient Boosting regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting regression, Light Gradient Boosting regression, Catboost regression, MLP regression, Lasso regression, and Ridge regression. The machine learning models used to predict Google daily returns as target variable are K-Nearest Neighbor classifier, Random Forest classifier, Naive Bayes classifier, Logistic Regression classifier, Decision Tree classifier, Support Vector Machine classifier, LGBM classifier, Gradient Boosting classifier, XGB classifier, MLP classifier, and Extra Trees classifier. Finally, you will develop GUI to plot boundary decision, distribution of features, feature importance, predicted values versus true values, confusion matrix, learning curve, performance of the model, and scalability of the model.

Stock trading and financial instrument markets offer significant opportunities for wealth creation. The ability to predict stock price movements has long intrigued researchers and investors alike. While some theories, like the Efficient Market Hypothesis, suggest that consistently beating the market is nearly impossible, others contest this viewpoint. Stock price prediction involves forecasting the future value of a given stock. In this project, we focus on the S&P 500 Index, which consists of 500 stocks from various sectors of the US economy and serves as a key indicator of US equities. To tackle this task, we utilize the Yahoo stock price history dataset, which contains 1825 rows and 7 columns including Date, High, Low, Open, Close, Volume, and Adj Close. To enhance our predictions, we incorporate technical indicators such as daily returns, Moving Average Convergence-Divergence (MACD), Relative Strength Index (RSI), Simple Moving Average (SMA), lower and upper bands, and standard deviation. In this book, for the forecasting task, we employ various regression algorithms including Linear Regression, Random Forest Regression, Decision Tree Regression, Support Vector Regression, Naïve Bayes Regression, K-Nearest Neighbor Regression, Adaboost Regression, Gradient Boosting Regression, Extreme Gradient Boosting Regression, Light Gradient Boosting Regression, Catboost Regression, MLP Regression, Lasso Regression, and Ridge Regression. These models aim to predict the future Adj Close price of the stock based on historical data. In addition to stock price prediction, we also delve into predicting stock daily returns using machine learning models. We utilize K-Nearest Neighbor Classifier, Random Forest Classifier, Naive Bayes Classifier, Logistic Regression Classifier, Decision Tree Classifier, Support Vector Machine Classifier, LGBM Classifier, Gradient Boosting Classifier, XGB Classifier, MLP Classifier, and Extra Trees Classifier. These models are trained to predict the direction of daily stock returns (positive or negative) based on various features and technical indicators. To assess the performance of these machine learning models, we evaluate several important metrics. Accuracy measures the overall correctness of the predictions, while recall quantifies the ability to correctly identify positive cases (upward daily returns). Precision evaluates the precision of positive predictions, and the F1 score provides a balanced measure of precision and recall. Additionally, we consider macro average, which calculates the average metric value across all classes, and weighted average, which provides a balanced representation considering class imbalances. To enhance the user experience and facilitate data exploration, we develop a graphical user interface (GUI). The GUI is built using PyQt and offers an interactive platform for users to visualize and interact with the data. It provides features such as plotting boundary decisions, visualizing feature distributions and importance, comparing predicted values with true values, displaying confusion matrices, learning curves, model performance, and scalability analysis. The GUI allows users to customize the analysis by selecting different models, time periods, or variables of interest, making it accessible and user-friendly for individuals without extensive programming knowledge. The combination of exploring the dataset, forecasting stock prices, predicting daily returns, and developing a GUI creates a comprehensive framework for analyzing and understanding stock market trends. By leveraging machine learning algorithms and evaluating performance metrics, we gain valuable insights into the accuracy and effectiveness of our predictions. The GUI further enhances the accessibility and usability of the analysis, enabling users to make data-driven decisions and explore the stock market with ease.

This book presents machine learning and type-2 fuzzy sets for the prediction of time-series with a particular focus on business forecasting applications. It also proposes new uncertainty management techniques in an economic time-series using type-2 fuzzy sets for prediction of the time-series at a given time point from its preceding value in fluctuating business environments. It employs machine learning to determine repetitively occurring similar structural patterns in the time-series and uses stochastic automaton to predict the most probabilistic structure at a given partition of the time-series. Such predictions help in determining probabilistic moves in a stock index time-series Primarily written for graduate students and researchers in computer science, the book is equally useful for researchers/professionals in business intelligence and stock index prediction. A background of undergraduate level mathematics is presumed, although not mandatory, for most of the sections. Exercises with tips are provided at the end of each chapter to the readers’ ability and understanding of the topics covered.

Step by Step guide filled with real world practical examples. About This Book Get your first experience with data analysis with one of the most powerful types of analysis—time-series. Find patterns in your data and predict the future pattern based on historical data. Learn the statistics, theory, and implementation of Time-series methods using this example-rich guide Who This Book Is For This book is for anyone who wants to analyze data over time and/or frequency. A statistical background is necessary to quickly learn the analysis methods. What You Will Learn Understand the basic concepts of Time Series Analysis and appreciate its importance for the success of a data science project Develop an understanding of loading, exploring, and visualizing time-series data Explore auto-correlation and gain knowledge of statistical techniques to deal with non-stationarity time series Take advantage of exponential smoothing to tackle noise in time series data Learn how to use auto-regressive models to make predictions using time-series data Build predictive models on time series using techniques based on auto-regressive moving averages Discover recent advancements in deep learning to build accurate forecasting models for time series Gain familiarity with the basics of Python as a powerful yet simple to write programming language In Detail Time Series Analysis allows us to analyze data which is generated over a period of time and has sequential interdependencies between the observations. This book describes special mathematical tricks and techniques which are geared towards exploring the internal structures of time series data and generating powerful descriptive and predictive insights. Also, the book is full of real-life examples of time series and their analyses using cutting-edge solutions developed in Python. The book starts with descriptive analysis to create insightful visualizations of internal structures such as trend, seasonality and autocorrelation. Next, the statistical methods of dealing with autocorrelation and non-stationary time series are described. This is followed by exponential smoothing to produce meaningful insights from noisy time series data. At this point, we shift focus towards predictive analysis and introduce autoregressive models such as ARMA and ARIMA for time series forecasting. Later, powerful deep learning methods are presented, to develop accurate forecasting models for complex time series, and under the availability of little domain knowledge. All the topics are illustrated with real-life problem scenarios and their solutions by best-practice implementations in Python. The book concludes with the Appendix, with a brief discussion of programming and solving data science problems using Python. Style and approach This book takes the readers from the basic to advance level of Time series analysis in a very practical and real world use cases.