The Roman Catholic Good Friday liturgy includes a series of chants known today as the Improperia ("Reproaches") beginning with the following text: Popule meus, quid feci tibi? aut in quo contristavi te? responde mihi. Quia eduxi te de terra Egypti, parasti crucem Salvatori tuo ("My people, what have I done to you, or in what have I grieved you? Answer me. Because I led you out of the land of Egypt, you prepared a cross for your Savior"). The earliest witness to the chants is a Carolingian liturgical book from around 880, but it is agreed among scholars that their history extends back farther than this. Employing comparative analysis of Biblical exegesis, chant texts, and chant melodies, this study suggests that the initial chant verse, Micah 6:3-4a plus a Christianizing addendum ("My people... you prepared..."), originated in northwestern Italy between the end of the 4th century and the end of the 7th century and carried associations of the Last Judgment, the Passion, and Christian works, penitence, and forgiveness. Although previous scholarship has sometimes pointed to the Reproaches as a key text of Christian anti-Jewish history, it is clear that the initial three verses, the Popule meus verses, originally held allegorical rather than literal meanings. The fact that there are several preserved Popule meus chants across various liturgical repertoires and, moreover, several sets of Popule meus verses in a smaller subset of these repertoires--in northern Italy, southern France, and the Spanish March--bespeaks the pre-Carolingian origins of the Popule meus verses and raises the question of why the verses appear in the Carolingian liturgy when they do. This study proposes that the Popule meus verses were incorporated into the Carolingian liturgy at the Abbey of Saint-Denis under the abbacy of Charles the Bald (867-77). In the Adoration of the Cross ceremony adopted from Rome, paired with the Greek Trisagion, and carrying Gallican melody and meaning, the Carolingian Popule meus verses would have been an ecumenical declaration, as they spread, of the expediency of the crucified Christ and a penitent people, even in the face of impending political disintegration.

On Good Friday of the year 2633, the world will end. This answer is hidden in the Bible . After we read the book of prophet Daniel, the words of Jesus, the image Death of Jesus on the Golgotha Hill, the Revelation of Saint John, and the book of prophet Ezekiel, we are getting an answer for the END DAY. As we know that, the book of prophet Daniel gave us the times and the Revelation of Saint John gave us the progress to the END DAY, from the time of Jesus: * Christianity was persecuted by Pharisees and Roman Empires from the Death of Jesus, and also from the year 610 by Islamism until the Holy War over in the year 1290. * A Thousand-year reign from 1290-2300, peaceful and joyful for Christianity expand to the whole world. After the year 2300, Satan will be released and disaster will begin to the END DAY. * After year the year 2300, a new Empires from Islamism occupy Asia countries and the Christian churches in Asia will be suffer (first seal, white horse). * War is broken in Asia countries (second seal, red horse). * Starvation in the world (third seal, black horse), but not in Western countries (but do not damage the olive oil or the wine). * Death by many sources killed population of the world (fourth seal, green horse). * Christianity are slaughtered in Asia countries (fifth seal). * Israel lost their country again, except the capital Tel-Avis stills remain ( missing tribe Dan in The 144,000 Seals)...

This is one Bible study you wont want to miss. It shows when the Crucifixion really occurred, and how to confirm that from the Old Testament alone. Fresh insights reveal previously unrecognized parallels between the Crucifixion and modern history that illustrate how the Crucifixion timeline is a key to understanding end times prophecy. Recognizing our place in the procession of last day events will enable those who already know the Lord as their savior to become more efficient in their Christian service. Twelve previously unrecognized patterns illustrate where we are in that schedule of last day events. Even if you disagree with the positions presented, these are issues you need to have answers for.

This activity makes learning about Easter fun and engaging. This lesson is filled with ready-to-use reproducibles, fun facts, puzzles, crafts, and more. Turn holidays and cultural celebrations into learning experiences for your students.

This book is a collection of seven Good Friday homilies by the late Rev. Dr. Eric W. Gritsch. Due to the fact that this respected historian, writer, teacher, and preacher rarely wrote his sermons, this book of printed meditations will be a treasured addition to any library. Here Gritsch captures the essence of Christian theology, highlighting the concepts with his understanding of human history and human foibles. The insights and wit for which this beloved teacher is known abound in this small volume. In this collection, the seven last words of Christ from the cross are made relevant for those in the twenty-first century who live the daily experiences of their lives trying at all times to be faithful Christians. Page by page the good news of Good Friday is made real!

*The au opted not to provide About the Book information.