From the first people of the Americas to modern day. Includes a section on teaching "at-risk" students

This Handbook contains a unique collection of chapters written by the world's leading researchers in the dynamic field of consumer psychology. Although these researchers are housed in different academic departments (ie. marketing, psychology, advertising, communications) all have the common goal of attaining a better scientific understanding of cognitive, affective, and behavioral responses to products and services, the marketing of these products and services, and societal and ethical concerns associated with marketing processes. Consumer psychology is a discipline at the interface of marketing, advertising and psychology. The research in this area focuses on fundamental psychological processes as well as on issues associated with the use of theoretical principles in applied contexts. The Handbook presents state-of-the-art research as well as providing a place for authors to put forward suggestions for future research and practice. The Handbook is most appropriate for graduate level courses in marketing, psychology, communications, consumer behavior and advertising.

The processes by which women living in rural areas of Nepal acquire literacy and deploy it for their own purposes were examined in an exploration of the diverse perspectives of policymakers, fieldworkers, and participants in gender, literacy, and development. The study combined ethnography with a research methodology called participatory rural appraisal (PRA), which began as a development planning methodology based on an empowering process that allows all people, including weaker and poorer people, to collate, present, and analyze information. The following were among the issues explored: approaches to women's literacy in Nepal; language policy in literacy programs; nongovernmental organizations versus the classroom; gender and language policy; new versus old approaches to literacy and numeracy teaching; and the role of literacy in development ideologies. The study documented how factors outside literacy classrooms, including facilitators' educational background and local concepts about education, necessitate adapting literacy practices developed in the West to the specific social contexts of rural areas in developing countries. The following are among the items in the 13 appendixes: a map of the case study areas; examples of PRA activities conducted during fieldwork; who's who in HIL (Health Is Life) and Save; notes on the Nepali caste system; HIL lesson sheet (English name writing method); Kosalee mathematics; HIL mathematics sheets; record forms to be completed by Save women's groups every month; and an example of a Save USA funding proposal. (Contains 195 references.) (MN).

This is an up-to-date revision of the classic text first published in 1983. It includes a historical perspective on the growth of evaluation theory and practice and two comparative analyses of the various alternative perspectives on evaluation. It also includes articles representing the major schools of thought about evaluation written by the leaders who have developed these schools and models. The final section describes and discusses the Standards for Program Evaluation and the reformation of program evaluation.