Wilhelm Wagner (1803-1877), son of Peter Wagner, was born in Dürkheim, Germany. He married Friedericke Odenwald (1812-1893). They had nine children. They emigrated and settled in Illinois. His brother, Julius Wagner (1816-1903) married Emilie M. Schneider (1820-1896). They had seven children. They emigrated and settled in Texas.

The rich history of encounters prior to World War I between people from German-speaking parts of Europe and people of African descent has gone largely unnoticed in the historical literature—not least because Germany became a nation and engaged in colonization much later than other European nations. This volume presents intersections of Black and German history over eight centuries while mapping continuities and ruptures in Germans' perceptions of Blacks. Juxtaposing these intersections demonstrates that negative German perceptions of Blackness proceeded from nineteenth-century racial theories, and that earlier constructions of “race” were far more differentiated. The contributors present a wide range of Black–German encounters, from representations of Black saints in religious medieval art to Black Hessians fighting in the American Revolutionary War, from Cameroonian children being educated in Germany to African American agriculturalists in Germany's protectorate, Togoland. Each chapter probes individual and collective responses to these intercultural points of contact.

The Protestant and Catholic Reformations thrust the nature of conversion into the center of debate and politicking over religion as authorities and subjects imbued religious confession with novel meanings during the early modern era. The volume offers insights into the historicity of the very concept of “conversion.” One widely accepted modern notion of the phenomenon simply expresses denominational change. Yet this concept had no bearing at the outset of the Reformation. Instead, a variety of processes, such as the consolidation of territories along confessional lines, attempts to ensure civic concord, and diplomatic quarrels helped to usher in new ideas about the nature of religious boundaries and, therefore, conversion. However conceptualized, religious change— conversion—had deep social and political implications for early modern German states and societies.

This singular account of an estimated 216,000 Germans, mostly newly-arrived immigrants and about 300,000 Americans of German descent, who served in the American Civil War is an unprecedented event in the publication of material on U.S. military history. Written by a successful German immigrant, publishing entrepreneur and journalist, Wilhelm Kaufmann, 1847-1920, this book was originally published in 1911 by Munich Publisher R. Oldenbourg in the German Language only. In their Civil War Centennial book, Civil War Books: A Critical Bibliography, published in 1967, the distinguished contributors, Allen Nevins, James I. Robertson, Jr., and Bell I. Wiley, wrote of Kaufmann's history: Finally, after two world wars and the consequent anti-German sentiment and the neglect that discouraged publication, a new Edition -- in English for the first time -- is now available. Scholars, general readers, genealogists and people who wish to explore their own German heritage will welcome this penetrating account -- now with enhanced features: readable type, larger maps (36 in all) designed for clarity; and now, most importantly, fully indexed for more effective reference use. Available in both a quality genuine clothbound as well as an economical paperback edition, this history deserves a place on your permanent library shelf. 392pp., 36 maps, bibliography, end notes, index.

Chapter 1 by Otto Lohr (1912) identifies who the first Germans were in all the colonies and refers to the most prominent individuals. Chapter 2 by Herman Schuricht (1898) provides detail on the first Germans in Virginia--who they were and their trades. Chapter 3 by John O. Evjen (1916) reveals that close to half the population of the New York settlement was German; this chapter includes a biographical directory of New York settlers, giving the names and background of a substantial number of them. The editor provides an introduction to this material and an index of names.

Considered the definitive history of the involvement of German-Americans in the American Revolution, this work was originally published in 1908 and has long been out of print. It focuses on Pennsylvania and surrounding colonies, where the colonial German element was concentrated, and contains extensive biographical information of value to genealogists and historians. Although only about ten percent of the U.S. population were German-Americans, they overwhelmingly supported the Revolution. In 1776, Congress raised a German-American regiment which fought in many battles and spent the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge with General George Washington, whose personal bodyguard was a German-American unit. It is said that the American troops were German trained, fed, and led, as Baron von Steuben served as inspector-general, Christopher Ludwig as superintendent of baking, and Heinrich Lutterloh as quartermaster-general. Of General Nicholas Herkimer, commander of several German-American battalions from New York, General Washington wrote, "It was Herkimer who first reversed the gloomy scene...he served from love of country, not for reward." This useful work also contains numerous lists of soldiers, a surname index and a subject index. Dr. Tolzmann has edited several German-American works offered by Heritage Books; here he fills the gap in the general knowledge pertaining to the role of German-Americans in the War of Independence.