The rapid decline of the Philippine forests has resulted in highly fragmented tree populations. In response to this, plantation programs boomed during the 80‘s and early 90‘s of the last century. Plantation forests, however, were mostly established with reproductive materials from unknown sources with presumably restricted genetic diversity. In this study, genetic variation patterns at microsatellite (SSR) and AFLP markers were investigated and compared between planted and natural populations of the ecologically important and critically endangered tropical rainforest tree species: Shorea contorta and Parashorea malaanonan (Dipterocarpaceae). The study was important to conserve the remaining genetic diversity within populations of the investigated dipterocarps. Further, it provided useful data for better planning actions when it comes to reinforcement of existing species populations and re-introduction of the species. In addition, it gave information for a genetically sound seed collection efforts to support the continuous forest restoration programs in the country.

. An assessment is made of dipterocarp mycorrhizal specificity and a discussion is presented on how mycorrhizal specificity may have contributed to speciation in Dipterocarpaceae. Other aspects touched upon include work on a non- ectomycorrhizal association of a fungus with dipterocarp roots, proposed to be called amphymycorrhizae. Also discussed are the effects of physical influences upon dipterocarp ectomycorrhizae, demonstrating the negative impact of high topsoil temperatures and lack of oxygen upon functioning and survival of dipterocarp ectomycorrhizae. Furthermore how dipterocarp ectomycorrhizae influence regeneration of Dipterocarpaceae through enhanced survival near the mother trees. At the end of the book practical recommendations are given for optimalization of management of mixed dipterocarp forests based upon the conclusions reached in the research, including the use of correct fungus-dipterocarp combinations for different sites.

Forest landscape restoration (FLR) is a planned process that aims to regain ecological integrity and enhance human wellbeing in deforested or degraded landscapes. The aim of this book is to explore options to better integrate the diverse dimensions - spatial, disciplinary, sectoral, and scientific - of implementing FLR. It demonstrates the value of an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to help implement FLR focusing specifically on four issues: understanding the drivers of forest loss and degradation in the context of interdisciplinary responses for FLR; learning from related integrated approaches; governance issues related to FLR as an integrated process; and the management, creation and use of different sources of knowledge in FLR implementation. The emphasis is on recognising the need to take human and institutional factors into consideration, as well as the more obvious biophysical factors. A key aim is to advance and accelerate the practice of FLR, given its importance, particularly in a world facing increasing environmental challenges, notably from climate change. The first section of the book presents the issue from an analytical and problem-orientated viewpoint, while later sections focus on solutions. It will interest researchers and professionals in forestry, ecology, geography, environmental governance and landscape studies.

Drawing on research from biodiversity experts around the world, this book reflects the diversity of forest types and forest issues that concern forest scientists. Coverage ranges from savannah and tropical rainforests to the ancient oak forests of Poland; issues explored include the effects of logging, management practices, forest dynamics and climate change on forest structure and biodiversity. Here is a useful overview of current science, for researchers and educators alike.

'... it is hoped that this book will 'Kick-start' interest in the Philippine's birds, both at home and abroad, before it is too late' Birding World