This landmark joint publication between the National Air and Space Museum and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics chronicles the evolution of the small gas turbine engine through its comprehensive study of a major aerospace industry. Drawing on in-depth interviews with pioneers, current project engineers, and company managers, engineering papers published by the manufacturers, and the tremendous document and artifact collections at the National Air and Space Museum, the book captures and memorializes small engine development from its earliest stage. Leyes and Fleming leap back nearly 50 years for a first look at small gas turbine engine development and the seven major corporations that dared to produce, market, and distribute the products that contributed to major improvements and uses of a wide spectrum of aircraft. In non-technical language, the book illustrates the broad-reaching influence of small turbinesfrom commercial and executive aircraft to helicopters and missiles deployed in recent military engagements. Detailed corporate histories and photographs paint a clear historical picture of turbine development up to the present. See for yourself why The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines is the most definitive reference book in its field. The publication of The History of North American Small Gas Turbine Aircraft Engines represents an important milestone for the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). For the first time, there is an authoritative study of small gas turbine engines, arguably one of the most significant spheres of aeronautical technology in the second half o

The primary human activities that release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere are the combustion of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and oil) to generate electricity, the provision of energy for transportation, and as a consequence of some industrial processes. Although aviation CO2 emissions only make up approximately 2.0 to 2.5 percent of total global annual CO2 emissions, research to reduce CO2 emissions is urgent because (1) such reductions may be legislated even as commercial air travel grows, (2) because it takes new technology a long time to propagate into and through the aviation fleet, and (3) because of the ongoing impact of global CO2 emissions. Commercial Aircraft Propulsion and Energy Systems Research develops a national research agenda for reducing CO2 emissions from commercial aviation. This report focuses on propulsion and energy technologies for reducing carbon emissions from large, commercial aircraftâ€" single-aisle and twin-aisle aircraft that carry 100 or more passengersâ€"because such aircraft account for more than 90 percent of global emissions from commercial aircraft. Moreover, while smaller aircraft also emit CO2, they make only a minor contribution to global emissions, and many technologies that reduce CO2 emissions for large aircraft also apply to smaller aircraft. As commercial aviation continues to grow in terms of revenue-passenger miles and cargo ton miles, CO2 emissions are expected to increase. To reduce the contribution of aviation to climate change, it is essential to improve the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to reduce emissions and initiate research into new approaches.

The escalating use of aircraft in the 21st century demands a thorough understanding of engine propulsion concepts, including the performance of aero engines. Among other critical activities,gas turbines play an extensive role in electric power generation, and marine propulsion for naval vessels and cargo ships. In the most exhaustive volume to date, this text examines the foundation of aircraft propulsion: aerodynamics interwoven with thermodynamics, heat transfer, and mechanical design. With a finely focused approach, the author devotes each chapter to a particular engine type, such as ramjet and pulsejet, turbojet, and turbofan. Supported by actual case studies, he illustrates engine performance under various operating conditions. Part I discusses the history, classifications, and performance of air breathing engines. Beginning with Leonardo and continuing on to the emergence of the jet age and beyond, this section chronicles inventions up through the 20th century. It then moves into a detailed discussion of different engine types, including pulsejet, ramjet, single- and multi-spool turbojet, and turbofan in both subsonic and supersonic applications. The author discusses Vertical Take Off and Landing aircraft, and provides a comprehensive examination of hypersonic scramjet and turbo ramjet engines. He also analyzes the different types of industrial gas turbines having single-and multi-spool with intercoolers, regenerators, and reheaters. Part II investigates the design of rotating compressors and turbines, and non-rotating components, intakes, combustion chambers, and nozzles for all modern jet propulsion and gas turbine engine systems, along with their performance. Every chapter concludes with illustrative examples followed by a problems section; for greater clarity, some provide a listing of important mathematical relations.

The memorandum discusses the applications of heat-resistant metallic materials in aircraft gas turbine engines. Brief background information on the engines of each of the manufacturers is followed by a detailed discussion of the materials used in various components of the engines. Some current trends in turbine-engine materials applications are pointed out. An extensive appendix arranged according to manufacturer, lists materials used in recent and current engines and presents some brief data on size, weight, and application of each of the engines.