Gas-Liquid And Liquid-Liquid Separators is practical guide designed to help engineers and operators develop a ?feel? for selection, specification, operating parameters, and trouble-shooting separators; form an understanding of the uncertainties and assumptions inherent in operating the equipment. The goal is to help familiarize operators with the knowledge and tools required to understand design flaws and solve everyday operational problems for types of separators. Gas-Liquid And Liquid-Liquid Separators is divided into six parts: Part one and two covers fundamentals such as: physical properties, phase behaviour and calculations. Part three through five is dedicated to topics such as: separator construction, factors affecting separation, vessel operation, and separator operation considerations. Part six is devoted to the ASME codes governing wall thickness determination of vessel weight fabrication, inspection, alteration and repair of separators - 500 illustrations - Easy to understand calculations methods - Guide for protecting downstream equipment - Helps reduce the loss of expensive intermediate ends - Helps increase product purity

A system for gas-liquid separation in electrolysis processes is provided. The system includes a first compartment having a liquid carrier including a first gas therein and a second compartment having the liquid carrier including a second gas therein. The system also includes a gas-liquid separator fluidically coupled to the first and second compartments for separating the liquid carrier from the first and second gases.

Liquid-Gas and Solid-Gas Separators, part of the Industrial Equipment for Chemical Engineering set, details the magnetic properties of solids and their separation in a magnetic field. After a thorough description of the electronic filter and its functioning, numerical examples are given for the functioning of Venturi (which is a convergent–divergent). The centrifugal separator with superimposed plates theory is also developed alongside the screw-mud-pump. The author also provides the methods needed for understanding the equipment used in applied thermodynamics in the hope of encouraging students and engineers to self build the programs they need. Chapters are complemented with appendices that provide additional information and associated references. - Presents a comprehensive example of a real-world simulation of a venturi - Examines a centrifugal decanter designed to separate the components of a liquid–solid - Details the magnetic properties of solids and their separation in a magnetic field

Despite the numerous advantages associated with using compact cylindrical cyclone gas/liquid separators, particularly for upstream production operations, the lack of a full understanding of the complex hydrodynamic process taking place in it and its "unfamiliarity" to oil field personnel has hindered its widespread use. The complexity associated with this technology is attributed to two limiting physical phenomena, liquid carry-over and gas carry-under. While a lot of work has been done to better understand and predict the liquid carry-over operational envelope, little or no information about methods capable of adequately predicting or characterizing the gas carry-under performance of such separators is available. Traditionally, to mitigate the gas carry-under phenomena, the use of complex control algorithms and systems has been employed. These systems make the technology expensive (as opposed to the potential cost reduction it promises) and impractical for realistic use in the oilfield where reliability is of critical importance. A simpler solution, the use of changeable or adjustable inlet-slots that regulate the artificial gravity environment created in the separator, could significantly improve the gas carry-under performance of cylindrical cyclone separators. This research has focused primarily on the use of adjustable inlet-slots. Theoretical analysis and experimental data investigating the benefits of variable inlet geometry have been provided. This work lays the foundation or validation required to perform more tests on a field-scale version to verify the results presented here. A modular design of such a variable inlet-slot inlet-section has the potential of simplifying the design and specifications of cylindrical cyclone gas/liquid separators. From the results of this investigation, it was found that the gas carry-under performance of a cylindrical cyclone gas/liquid separator could be improved considerably over a wider range of operating conditions by adjusting the size of the inlet-slots. This contradicts earlier reports of liquid carry-over improvement in separator performance. Also, for the first time, a simple method for theoretically analyzing the percent improvement in separator gas carry-under performance using the optimum g-force concept is presented. This method could be incorporated into design software for determining the slot-size configuration required for varying separator-operating conditions.

Vapor Liquid Separation Author Contact: Ronald J. Robichaux 1522 Savannah Drive, Garland, Texas 75041 E-mail: [email protected] My experience with separators led me to compile design information for the precise design of this type of equipment. These devices seem simple in their operations. However I have seen a number of them fail to provide the performance required in the process. Working with consultants, their many suggestions and rules of thumb to resolve the issues, has left me with concern as to how to best approach a design for a proper operating separator. I studied the works of many Engineers and designers and collected information from all the manufacturers I worked with in designing separators for my projects. I have read and collected many articles on the subject of separator design. In 1984 I had the opportunity to accept a position with Perry Equipment Corporation in Mineral Wells, Texas. The range of designs, research efforts and field trouble shooting left me with the understanding that "rules of thumb" are useful in a limited set of circumstances. Fortunately for the industry these set of circumstances are sufficient at about 75 to 90 percent of the time. One of the tasks I was given, while in their employ, was to attempt to place a scientific approach as to why these devices proved so successful in most situations, but failed in other situations. In order to develop a better understanding of the design parameters I wanted to know the physical properties of the fluids and their effect associated with separator failures and efficiencies.

Liquid loading can reduce production and shorten the lifecycle of a well costing a company millions in revenue. A handy guide on the latest techniques, equipment, and chemicals used in de-watering gas wells, Gas Well Deliquification, 2nd Edition continues to be the engineer's choice for recognizing and minimizing the effects of liquid loading. The 2nd Edition serves as a guide discussing the most frequently used methods and tools used to diagnose liquid loading problems and reduce the detrimental effects of liquid loading on gas production. With new extensive chapters on Coal Bed Methane and Production this is the essential reference for operating engineers, reservoir engineers, consulting engineers and service companies who supply gas well equipment. It provides managers with a comprehensive look into the methods of successful Production Automation as well as tools for the profitable use, production and supervision of coal bed gases. - Turnkey solutions for the problems of liquid loading interference - Based on decades of practical, easy to use methods of de-watering gas wells - Expands on the 1st edition's useful reference with new methods for utilizing Production Automation and managing Coal Bed Methane

Development of shale assets in the United States has drastically increased the overall domestic oil production. This was achievable due to the advances in horizontal well drilling and hydraulic fracturing technology, which gave access to more reservoir rock and surface area. In addition, as wells declined in rate, artificial lift methods like the use of a beam pump, electric submersible pump (ESP), or gas lift physically helped bring the oil and gas to surface and extended the life of a well. Operational challenges such as containing costs to maintain ESPs and using beam pumps on high gas wells became significant factors in determining the economic viability of a well. In this study, we examined a method to improve oil and gas separation down-hole in the production tubing so that a beam-pump will lift primarily liquid to the surface. Simultaneously, the method ensures that an ESP will remain effective and not overheat, as reservoir pressure declines, to lift fluid to the depth of the separator. A gravity-based down-hole gas liquid separator/connector was constructed using three acrylic pipes, one set inside another, with the inner pipe intended to tie in to the production tubing. The outer two pipes acted together as a gravity separator and pump connector. Water and air was pumped at varying rates from the bottom to simulate the fluid an ESP would deliver to the separator/connector. A standing valve was built into the inner tube, and a rod with traveling valve was manually operated to simulate a beam pump. The water and air mixture was visually inspected inside the pump to determine the effectiveness of the separator. The point at which the separator will fail to keep gas bubbles larger than 0.25 inches from coming inside the pump was quantified using three function tests: 1) Allowable Gas-Liquid Ratio the separator will process, 2) Liquid Velocity falling down the middle tube of the separator, and 3) Annular Gas Superficial Velocity between outside and middle tube. After testing a variety of air/water rates through two different sized separators, the results showed that if a separator passed all three function tests for a given air/water rate, then it would successfully separate bubbles larger than 0.25 inches (approximately 6mm) from coming into the pump.