once again she was a human she swore to trample all the people who harmed her in her previous life under her feet

Treason and magic were first linked together during the reign of Edward II. Theories of occult conspiracy then regularly led to major political scandals, such as the trial of Eleanor Cobham Duchess of Gloucester in 1441. While accusations of magical treason against high-ranking figures were indeed a staple of late medieval English power politics, they acquired new significance at the Reformation when the 'superstition' embodied by magic came to be associated with proscribed Catholic belief. Francis Young here offers the first concerted historical analysis of allegations of the use of magic either to harm or kill the monarch, or else manipulate the course of political events in England, between the fourteenth century and the dawn of the Enlightenment. His book addresses a subject usually either passed over or elided with witchcraft: a quite different historical phenomenon. He argues that while charges of treasonable magic certainly were used to destroy reputations or to ensure the convictions of undesirables, magic was also perceived as a genuine threat by English governments into the Civil War era and beyond.

This work explores the quantitative and qualitative development of homicide in eastern Finland in the second half of the eighteenth century and the early years of the nineteenth. The area studied comprised northern Savo and northern Karelia in eastern Finland. At that time, these were completely agricultural regions on the periphery of the kingdom of Sweden. Indeed the majority of the population still got their living from burn-beating agriculture. The analysis of homicide there reveals characteristics that were exceptional by Western European standards: the large proportion of premeditated homicides (murders) and those within the family is more reminiscent of modern cities in the West than of a pre-modern rural society. However, there also existed some archaic forms of Western crime there. Most of the homicides within the family were killings of brothers or brothers-in law, connected with the family structure (the extended family) that prevailed in the region. This study uses case analysis to explore the causes for the increase in both familial homicide and murder in the area. One of the explanatory factors that is dealt with is the interaction between the faltering penal practice that then existed and the increase in certain types of homicide. Despite the fact that it focuses on a particular region, the study and the questions it poses have both international and current relevance. This work builds a bridge between research into legal history and the sociologically oriented study of the history of criminality.

Of the five Tudor monarchs, only one was ever born to rule. While much of King Henry VIII’s reign is centered on his reckless marriage choices, it was the foundations laid by Henry and Queen Katherine of Aragon that shaped the future of the crown. Among the suffering of five lost heirs, the royal couple placed all their hopes in the surviving Princess Mary. Her early life weaves a tale of promise, diplomacy, and pageantry never again seen in King Henry’s life, but a deep-rooted desire for a son, a legacy of his own scattered childhood, pushed Henry VIII to smother Mary’s chance to rule. An affair soon produced an unlikely heir in Henry Fitzroy, and while one child was pure royalty, the other illegitimate, the comparison of their childhoods would show a race to throne closer than many wished to admit. King Henry’s cruelty saw his heirs’ fates pivot as wives came and went, and the birth Princess Elizabeth, saw long-term plans upended for short-term desires. With the death of one heir hidden from view, the birth of Prince Edward finally gave the realm an heir born to rule, but King Henry’s personal desires and paranoia left his heirs facing constant uncertainty for another decade until his death. Behind the narrative of Henry VIII’s wives, wars, reformation and ruthlessness, there were children, living lives of education among people who cared for them, surrounded by items in generous locations which symbolized their place in their father’s heart. They faced excitement, struggles, and isolation which would shape their own reigns. From the heights of a surviving princess destined and decreed to influence Europe, to illegitimate children scattered to the winds of fortune, the childhoods of Henry VIII’s heirs is one of ambition, destiny, heartache, and triumph.

Step into the refined world of Edwardian England with Mrs. Humphry Ward's elegant novel, "Lady Rose's Daughter." Prepare to be swept away by a tale of love, ambition, and societal expectations as Ward crafts a compelling narrative set against the backdrop of aristocratic privilege and family secrets. Follow the captivating story of Lady Rose's daughter, Mary, as she navigates the complexities of love and duty in a society bound by tradition and class. Through Ward's exquisite prose and nuanced characterization, you'll witness Mary's journey of self-discovery and personal growth as she grapples with the conflicting demands of her heart and her heritage. Explore the themes and motifs that permeate Ward's narrative, from the constraints of Victorian morality to the changing roles of women in Edwardian society. Her richly detailed portrayal of aristocratic life offers a fascinating glimpse into the opulent world of country estates, London salons, and society scandals. Embark on a comprehensive character analysis as Ward introduces you to a cast of unforgettable characters, each with their own hopes, dreams, and secrets. From the aristocratic Lady Henry to the enigmatic Lord Hubert, Ward's characters come to life with depth and complexity, revealing the hidden truths and personal sacrifices that lie beneath the surface of polite society. The overall tone of "Lady Rose's Daughter" is one of elegance and sophistication, as Ward transports you to a world of grand balls and whispered confidences. Her narrative is both captivating and thought-provoking, offering a poignant exploration of love, honor, and the pursuit of happiness in a rapidly changing world. Since its publication, "Lady Rose's Daughter" has delighted readers with its captivating plot, richly drawn characters, and evocative setting. Ward's timeless tale of love and redemption continues to resonate with audiences of all ages, offering a glimpse into a vanished era of privilege and propriety. As you immerse yourself in Ward's elegant prose and intricate plot, you'll find yourself transported to a world of romance and intrigue, where the choices we make can have far-reaching consequences. Her timeless tale of love and sacrifice will stay with you long after you've turned the final page. Don't miss your chance to experience the beauty and drama of Mrs. Humphry Ward's "Lady Rose's Daughter." Whether you're a fan of historical fiction or simply appreciate a well-crafted story, this timeless classic is sure to captivate your imagination and touch your heart. Grab your copy now and lose yourself in the glamour and romance of Edwardian England.

Experience the fascination and excitement of this formative period in English history. The Normans combine an authoritative account of the main events with the human stories of how people lived, learned, played, prayed, loved, and were governed. The format has been designed to enable the reader to absorb the essence of the period. With over one hundred illustrations, maps, and time lines, the emphasis was on writing a serious history book with easy readability. Peter Simpson’s encyclopedic knowledge of the English Middle Ages has enabled him to delve into fascinating details of the time and the links with England today to be found in language, institutions, and places. A lifetime of business, study, and research has enabled him to understand and relate the evolving architecture, trade, economics, and science and technology of this formative period in English history. England in the Middle Ages: The Normans 1066–1154 is ideal for scholars, students, visitors to England and Normandy, and for the general history reader.