Letter writing was the major branch of rhetoric in the High Middle Ages (ars dictaminis) and Renaissance (ars epistolandi). As the primary source of discourse it played major roles in the history of education, the Latin language and literature, and its relation to grammar and oratory (ars arengandi). The letters are also a very rich source ranging from Church and State correspondence to social hierarchies and fiction. Several hundred authors, recognized as precursors of the Humanists, produced treatises, manuals, formularies and model letter collections found in a few thousand largely unstudied manuscripts. This is the third and final volume of the Medieval and Renaissance Letter Treatises and Form Letters, a singular reference work, a manuscript inventory of texts, most of which were examined in situ by Emil J. Polak in almost nine-hundred libraries and archives. The repertory is arranged alphabetically by country and city with standard details for each manuscript. Four indexes conclude the work.

Historians of medieval and Renaissance Italy have long held that the Florentine republic fell victim to rule by oligarchy in the early fifteenth century. Now, in the first complete analysis of the criminal law system of Florence during this crucial period, Laura Ikins Stern argues that the vitality of Florentine legal institutions gives evidence of a centralized state bureaucracy strong enough to thwart the early development of a ruling oligarchy. Exploring the changing roles played by judicial officials as well as the evolution of Florentine government, Stern shows how these developments reflected broad-based change in society at large. From such primary documents as legal statutes and actual trial records, she provides a step-by-step explanation of trial procedure to offer a rare glimpse of inquisition methods in the secular world--from public fame initiation, through the weighing of various levels of proof, to the complex process of sentencing. And sheexplores the links between implementation of inquisition procedure, the development of the territorial state, and the struggle between republican institutions and the emerging oligarchy. The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science.

Discusses the techniques, uses, and aesthetics of medieval drawings; and reproduces work from more than fifty manuscripts produced between the ninth and early fourteenth century.

Based on lectures given at the University of Vienna, this book examines all types of book decoration and illumination between late Antiquity and the Renaissance from the point of view of format and style. Pacht explains the basic vocabulary and concepts by which this art-form is to be understood, and offers insights into the philosophy, theology, technology and culture underlying its history. His subjects include pictorial decoration in the organic structure of the book; the initial; bible illustration; didactic miniatures; illustration of the apocalypse; illustration of the psalter; the conflict of surface and space. Now available in paperback.

Earliest Christian art - Saints and holy places - Holy images - Artistic production for the wealthy - Icons & iconography.