This ground-breaking book combines detailed analysis of the forest sector with modern strategic management principles to develop a vision for sustainable forest management which is both practical and theoretically robust. The book adopts a holistic approach to propose a new theoretical framework for this once traditional sector; one which reconciles current thinking in strategic management with natural resource management.

This report assesses progress since the World Bank first issued its comprehensive Forest Strategy in 1991. It finds that the effectiveness of the strategy has been modest, and the sustainability of its impact is uncertain. The Report identifies seven factors that would make the World Bank forest strategy more pertinent to current circumstances as well as strengthening its ability to achieve its strategic objectives in the forest sector. It recommends that the World Bank use its global reach to address mechanisms for mobilisation of concessional international resources outside its normal lending activities. It also advises the World Bank to be proactive in establishing partnerships with all relevant stakeholders, governments, the private sector, and civil society to meet both its country and global roles. The focus on primary tropical moist forests should be broadened to include all types of natural forests of national and global value. The report suggests that illegal logging needs to be reduced through the promotion of improved governance and enforcement. Other recommendations are to give consideration to forest issues in all relevant sector activity and macroeconomic work, address the employment needs of all poor people while continuing to protect the rights of indigenous people, and to realign the World Bank resources with their objectives in the forest sector.

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This book provides a state-of-the-art overview covering distinct and relevant aspects of forest policy processes in Europe, presenting a fresh perspective on different analytical approaches, theories, and frameworks. Set against the background of a changing world, driven by significant social, environmental, and economic developments, in Europe and elsewhere, there is a growing need for an improved understanding of forest governance and how to analyse the forest policymaking processes. This book introduces the reader to some of the key issues typically encountered in reviewing proposed as well as established forest policies, focusing on five socially relevant topics for the forest-based sector today, namely: European forest governance under a green new deal Systemic changes and the circular (bio-)economy Social changes connected with forest ownership and forest actors Nature conservation and the pursuit of multifunctional forests Living with forest fires and climate change. In so doing, this book presents a set of timely and rich case studies relevant to the study of forest governance. In the final chapter, it puts forward an innovative and systematic method for selecting the most appropriate analytical tool that accounts for the constraints and objectives involved in monitoring forest policy. The book is accompanied by chapter-level exercises and online Support Material which details the various approaches, theories, and frameworks discussed in the book, providing direct links back to individual chapters, discussion points, and a step-by-step guide for how each method can be applied. This book will be an essential read for forestry students and scholars, and professionals and policymakers working on forest policy and forest management.

This paper analyses the development of certification programmes in three countries (Indonesia, Canada and Sweden) using the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF) as a theoretical reference point. The ACF is an actor-based framework for analysing policy processes and has not previously been applied in a developing country. Actors in the three countries took different approaches to certification. In Canada, in a programme development process supported by the forest products industry, a management systems approach was taken. In Sweden, performance standards were developed in a process initially driven by NGOs. In Indonesia, certification was led by an NGO within a framework established by government, and a performance standards approach was used. The paper concludes that forest certification can be best understood as a policy instrument that promotes and facilitates policy-orientated learning among actors, and provides indirect incentives for improved forest management. Learning occurs both as the standards to be used for certification are developed, and as they are implemented. The benefits of learning and consensus building among actors (such as NGOs, forest companies, private forest owners, indigenous peoples, governments, etc.) who have traditionally been in conflict with each other can be significant. On the other hand, where fundamental changes in forest policy (such as tenure and forest revenue reform) are needed, certification should not be seen as a substitute for these A further conclusion is that, while public policies change over periods of decades, the private policies of retailers and forest product companies can adapt more rapidly to changing circumstances. The concept of a ‘fast track’ of private policy change, compared to the slower track of governmental policy change, is therefore proposed and described. A number of interesting theoretical and empirical avenues for further research on certification are discussed.