This book constitutes a comprehensive survey of the balance equations for mass, momentum and energy for the interfaces in pure fluids and mixtures. Constitutive laws are presented for many situations in engineering science, and examples are provided, including surface viscosity effects, variable surface tension and vapor recoil. In addition, some extensions of existing theory are given: stretch effect in premixed flames, relaxation zones downstream two-phase shock waves, and effective surface tension for high gradient zones.

The modeling of reactive flows has progressed mainly with advances in aerospace, which gave birth to a new science called aerothermochemistry, as well as through developments in chemical and process engineering. This work examines basic concepts and methods necessary to study reactive flows and transfer phenomena in areas such as fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and chemistry. The book presents tools of interest to graduate students, researchers in mathematical physics, and engineers who wish to investigate problems of reactive flows. Portions of the text may be used in courses on the physics of liquids or in seminars on mechanics.

Les écoulements avec réactions chimiques peuvent intervenir dans des domaines variés tels que la combustion, le génie des procédés, l’aéronautique, l’environnement atmosphérique et aquatique. Les exemples d’application choisis dans ce volume portent principalement sur les mélanges réactifs homogènes susceptibles d’intervenir dans les propulseurs, en génie des procédés et en combustion : - propagation du son et écoulements monodimensionnels non diffusifs dans les tuyères pouvant comporter des déséquilibres des modes internes d’énergie des molécules ; - réacteurs chimiques idéaux, stabilisation de leurs points de fonctionnement stationnaires dans le cas homogène à mélange parfait et instruments classiques d’analyse expérimentale et théorique tels les bilans de population, la distribution des temps de séjour et celle des âges ; - flammes laminaires et turbulentes en séparant bien celles qui sont prémélangées de celles qui ne le sont pas et qui ne relèvent pas des mêmes mécanismes, mais qui interviennent conjointement dans le cas des flammes triples. Écoulements et réactions chimiques 2 apporte également des précisions sur l’analyse dimensionnelle, la thermodynamique statistique avec couplage entre modes internes d’énergie et réactions chimiques, l’apparition et la dissipation de la turbulence fluide ainsi que son traitement statistique, les bifurcations, les flammes en milieu confiné et de diffusion.

Interfaces are present in most fluid mechanics problems. They not only denote phase separations and boundary conditions, but also thin flames and discontinuity waves. Fluid Mechanics at Interfaces 1 focuses on the science of interfaces, in particular, using various scientific methods of analysis relating to space, speed and time. Our investigation takes us from the microscopic or small scale (starting with molecular and nanoscopic scales) to the macroscopic (including meso and interstellar scales), and also explores the laws of interfaces (classical mechanics, quantum mechanics and relativistic mechanics). Chapter 1 examines the questions raised by modeling interfaces in the presence of one or more fluid phases. Chapter 2 discusses the action of turbulence in liquid–vapor flows that contain both small, dispersed bubbles as well as large bubbles, with heat exchanges at the interfaces. In addition, a new model is presented, using large eddy simulation (LES). Chapter 3 studies an original method for calculating the drag force and thermal transfers in flows around networks of spherical particles, while Chapter 4 focuses on the relationships between interfaces and critical fluids. Chapter 5 examines shearing, which causes anomalies in the Brownian motion of particles in strongly fluctuating near-critical mixtures, and Chapter 6 introduces basic concepts related to combustion interfaces, raising the question of the combustion of solids, before ending with a brief presentation of the Rankine–Hugoniot theory and a historical overview of the research carried out in the field of combustion.