A practical guide to the methods in general use for the complete analysis of silicate rock material and for the determination of all those elements present in major, minor or trace amounts in silicate and other rocks that are routinely, commonly or occasionally determined by methods that are considered to be essentially chemical in character. Such methods include those based upon spectrophotometry, flame emission spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopy, as well as gravimetry, titrimetry and the use of ion-selective electrodes. Separation stages are described in full, using precipitation, solvent extraction, distillation, and ion-ex procedures as appropriate. The third edition has been fully revised and updated.

Analytical flame spectroscopy is a rich and growing disci pline, rooted in the broad fields of physics and chemistry. Its applications abound not only in these large areas, but also thrive in the geosciences, materials science, and clinical and biochemical analysis. As an inevitable corollary of the field's growth, the scientist seeking to develop a fluent expertise has been forced to assimilate and master a rapidly increasing quantity of information. Our guiding hope in creating the present work has therefore been to provide the investigator with a single reference source for nearly all the material ever likely to be required in the daily conduct of basic or applied research. Flame spectroscopy is not a new analytical field. It has seen at least three major eras, in each of which much new information was developed - the Bunsen-Kirchhoff years, the Beckman D. U. years, and finally the atomic absorption years. In the Bunsen-Kirchhoff era, several new elements were discovered. During the Beckman years - nearly all the early flame emission data were taken on modified Beckman D. U. spectrometers - trace metal analysis for the alkaline metals and for many alkaline earth elements reached a new high (low?) - the parts per million level. More recently, trace metal analysis has in general achieved a new maturity with the advent of atomic absorption analysis, which was co-discovered by C. Th. J. Alkemade and Alan Walsh in 1955.

This atlas was begun mainly to gather together information on atomic absorption spectral lines for the use of practicing analyt ical chemists, who often find it necessary to use less sensitive lines. It was hoped that pertinent data could be obtained and for the first· time published in a single format in one place. This effort led to the realization that many workers in the field employ atomic emission and atomic absorption as complemen tary techniques. Therefore, it was decided to include both of these techniques in the atlas. Finally, it was decided that because atomic fluorescence spectroscopy shows so much promise as an analytical tool, the available data for this method should be included as well. Since these three techniques provide fruitful research areas today, it is not possible to prepare a compilation of this scope and remain completely up to date. For practical reasons a cutoff date has to be set at which organization and typing begin. For this atlas, in most cases the literature references are complete through 1969. It is felt, however, that the absence of later references, especially in the areas of flame emission spectroscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy, will not impair the usefulness of the atlas for the practicing analyst to any great degree. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors are greatly indebted to Dr. J. D. Winefordner, who gathered together most of the information on atomic fluores cence spectroscopy, using a different format. The authors are also indebted to Mrs. Betty Bulechek, the typist.

Solvent Extraction in Flame Spectroscopic Analysis provides an introductory discussion on the technique of solvent extraction in flame spectrometry. The book is comprised of six chapters the cover the various aspects and applications of solvent extraction. The text first covers the role of solvent extraction in flame spectrometric analysis, and then proceeds to describing the solvent suitable for flame spectrometry. Next, the book discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the solvent extraction technique. The text also covers the application of the technique on various elements. The book will be of great use to researchers and professionals who require a good understanding of the various techniques in spectrometry.

Flame Spectrometry in Environmental Chemical Analysis is a simple, user-friendly guide to safe flame spectrometric methods for environmental samples. It explains key processes involved in achieving accurate and reliable results in atomic absorption spectrometry, atomic fluorescence spectrometry and flame emission spectrometry, showing the inter-relationship of the three techniques, and their relative importance. Flame Spectrometry in Environmental Chemical Analysis presents the important information with thoroughness and clarity, and in a style that makes it valuable to students and researchers using these techniques. It also offers straightforward reading for environmentalists with interests in such areas as pollution research, agriculture, ecology, soil science, geology and forestry; informing researchers of exactly what they can expect to be able to determine by flame spectrometric methods. Newcomers to flame spectrometry will gain increased confidence, job skills and many handy tips and ideas from this book. It will impart a strong working knowledge that can be translated into sound data in the laboratory.