This FFS Guidance Document focuses on the process and critical decisions that are necessary when starting a new FFS programme, and guides the reader through the essential steps required to establish a solid basis for such programmes, in tune with the specific local conditions. It also defines the essential elements and processes required to ensure programme relevance, quality, growth and sustainability. The document differs from most of the FFS manuals and guidelines available in that it focuses on providing support to FFS programme managers and formulators, as opposed to FFS field facilitators or trainers, who are the primary target group for most existing manuals.

d) FFS institutionalization, scaling up and policy development, as part of mainstreaming processes.

BIOENERGY: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS BIOENERGY: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS With growing concerns over climate change and energy insecurity coupled with dwindling reserves of fossil energy resources, there is a growing search for alternative, renewable energy resources. Energy derived from renewable bioresources such as biomass (energy crops, agri- and forest residues, algae, and biowastes) has received significant attention in recent years. With the growing interest in bioenergy, there has been increasing demand for a broad-ranging, introductory textbook that provides an essential overview of this very subject to students in the field. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications offers an invaluable introduction to both fundamental and applied aspects of bioenergy feedstocks and their processing, as well as lifecycle and techno-economic analyses, and policies as applied to bioenergy. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications provides readers with foundational information on first-, second-, and third-generation bioenergy, ranging from plant structure, carbohydrate chemistry, mass and energy balance, thermodynamics, and reaction kinetics to feedstock production, logistics, conversion technologies, biorefinery, lifecycle and techno-economic analyses, and government policies. This textbook gives students and professionals an incomparable overview of the rapidly growing field of bioenergy. Bioenergy: Principles and Applications will be an essential resource for students, engineers, researchers, and industry personnel interested in, and working in, the bioenergy field.

The National Seminar on Alternative Extension Approaches in Technology Transfer held at Mitraniketan KVK on 21- 22, February 2004 was one of the most successful scientific deliberations in the recent past. Most of the successful alternative extension approaches in technology transfer were presented and highlighted. There was a tremendous response from various R & D institutions to present their approaches for sharing at a common platform without any prejudice. The business of technology transfer is the secret of success to every R & D institutions, but this was a platform envisaged to share experiences. We take the opportunity to thank the entire authors for the contribution of their articles to this book.