Expression of Protocadherin-gammac5 in the Rat Brain and Interaction with Gabaa Receptors
Title | Expression of Protocadherin-gammac5 in the Rat Brain and Interaction with Gabaa Receptors PDF eBook |
Author | Yangang Li |
Publisher | |
Pages | |
Release | 2010 |
Genre | Electronic dissertations |
ISBN |
GABAA receptors (GABAARs) play a central role in mediating most of the neuronal inhibition in central nervous system. For efficient synaptic neurotransmission, it is essential that GABAARs are recruited and clustered at the synapses. However, the mechanism for this process is still unclear. Previous work done in our laboratory indicated that in a yeast-two-hybrid assay (Y2H) there is an interaction between the intracellular domain of protocadherin-Î3C5 (Pcdh-Î3C5) and the large intracellular loop of the GABAAR Î32 subunit (Î32IL). I have now shown that this interaction occurs in cultured neurons and in the brain. I have also studied the expression and localization of Pcdh-Î3C5 in the rat brain. For these studies, we have developed several antibodies to Pcdh-Î3C5. With a novel anti-Pcdh-Î3C5 specific antibody, I have found that in the entire rat brain, Pcdh-Î3C5 is highly expressed in the olfactory bulb, corpus striatum, dentate gyms, CA1 region of the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and the molecular layer of the cerebellum. The expression of Pcdh-Î3C5 started after the second postnatal week, coinciding with the time frame of synapse development. A significant percentage of synapses, more GABAergic than glutamatergic, have associated Pcdh-Î3C5 clusters. Nevertheless there is also non-synaptic Pcdh-Î3C5. Pcdh-Î3C5 is expressed in both neurons and astrocytes. In the intact rat brain, a significant number of Pcdh-Î3C5 clusters are located at non-synaptic contact points between neurons and astrocytes. An anti-Pcdh-Î3C5 antiserum coprecipitated assembled GABAARs from brain extracts. An anti-Î32 or α1 GABA AR subunit antiserum coprecipitated Pcdh-Î3C5. In cultured hippocampal neurons, an anti-Î32 or an anti-Pcdh-Î3C5 antibody induced capping increasing both the Î32 and Pcdh-Î3C5 cluster densities, indicating that there is interaction between Î32 and Pcdh-Î3C5 in cultured neurons. In cultured HEK293 cells, overexpression of Pcdh-Î3C5 helped the trafficking of GABAARs to the cell surface. Overexpression of Pcdh-Î3C5 increases the number of Î32 clusters in hippocampal neurons. Knocking down the Pcdh-Î3C5 expression level in hippocampal neurons with Pcdh-Î3C5 shRNAs, both the postsynaptic Î32 cluster density and the presynaptic GAD innervation were dramatically reduced, indicating that Pcdh-Î3C5 is essential for the stability of GABAergic synapses. In contrast, the glutamatergic synapses were not affected by the shRNAs. These results indicate that Pcdh-Î3C5 (i) plays synaptic and non-synaptic function; (ii) interacts with GABA ARs in cultured hippocampal neurons and in brain; (iii) helps GABA ARs trafficking to the cell surface via direct interaction with Î32 subunit; (iv) this interaction plays role in GABAergic synapses formation or maintenance.
Expression of Protocadherin-[gamma]C5 in the Rat Brain and Interaction with GABA[A] Receptors
Title | Expression of Protocadherin-[gamma]C5 in the Rat Brain and Interaction with GABA[A] Receptors PDF eBook |
Author | Yanfang Li |
Publisher | |
Pages | 396 |
Release | 2011 |
Genre | |
ISBN |
Mechanisms of Neural Circuit Formation
Title | Mechanisms of Neural Circuit Formation PDF eBook |
Author | Joshua A. Weiner |
Publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
Pages | 180 |
Release | 2015-01-30 |
Genre | Neural circuitry |
ISBN | 2889194035 |
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Neuroscience and Neurotechnology of Neuronal Cell Surface Molecules in Neural Circuits
Title | Neuroscience and Neurotechnology of Neuronal Cell Surface Molecules in Neural Circuits PDF eBook |
Author | Masahito Yamagata |
Publisher | Frontiers Media SA |
Pages | 294 |
Release | 2021-08-05 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 2889711498 |
The Hippocampus Book
Title | The Hippocampus Book PDF eBook |
Author | Per Andersen |
Publisher | Oxford University Press |
Pages | 892 |
Release | 2007 |
Genre | Medical |
ISBN | 9780195100273 |
The hippocampus is one of a group of remarkable structures embedded within the brain's medial temporal lobe. Long known to be important for memory, it has been a prime focus of neuroscience research for many years. The Hippocampus Book promises to facilitate developments in the field in a major way by bringing together, for the first time, contributions by leading international scientists knowledgeable about hippocampal anatomy, physiology, and function. This authoritative volume offers the most comprehensive, up-to-date account of what the hippocampus does, how it does it, and what happens when things go wrong. At the same time, it illustrates how research focusing on this single brain structure has revealed principles of wider generality for the whole brain in relation to anatomical connectivity, synaptic plasticity, cognition and behavior, and computational algorithms. Well-organized in its presentation of both theory and experimental data, this peerless work vividly illustrates the astonishing progress that has been made in unraveling the workings of the brain. The Hippocampus Book is destined to take a central place on every neuroscientist's bookshelf.
The Cadherin Superfamily
Title | The Cadherin Superfamily PDF eBook |
Author | Shintaro T. Suzuki |
Publisher | Springer |
Pages | 425 |
Release | 2016-06-02 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 4431560335 |
This book presents an overview of the entire field of cadherin research and provides the current basic concept of cadherins. Cadherins have been widely accepted as key regulators of animal development and physiological functions, and it also has become clear that they play essential roles in various human diseases. With contributions by leading scientists, the book covers various aspects of the cadherin superfamily including the history of cadherin research, basic properties of classical cadherins as well as non-classical cadherins, cadherin-associated proteins, and the roles of cadherins in health and diseases. In addition, the book presents some contradictory results and important unanswered questions, and the authors propose their working hypotheses or future directions, to inspire future studies. This volume enables graduate students and young researchers to learn the basics and gain a comprehensive image of the cadherin superfamily, and experts in the field will easily find various topics of interest in relevant areas of study. Additionally, a list of cadherin-related diseases is included for quick reference to cadherins in human diseases.
Ccn Proteins: A New Family Of Cell Growth And Differentiation Regulators
Title | Ccn Proteins: A New Family Of Cell Growth And Differentiation Regulators PDF eBook |
Author | Masaharu Takigawa |
Publisher | World Scientific |
Pages | 324 |
Release | 2005-06-17 |
Genre | Science |
ISBN | 1783260335 |
The CCN Proteins are thought to play key roles in the biology of normal cell, tissue, organ, and body, and altered expression of CCN proteins is associated with several pathologies, including fibrosis and cancer. Because of its importance, the CCN field is expanding at a fast pace. Research articles in this field have recently increased logarithmically, and a book that is up-to-date, comprehensive, authoritative and affords insights into the biological roles of CCN proteins, is timely.CCN Protein: A New Family of Cell Growth and Differentiation Regulators presents the most recent progress in the field of CCN proteins, a new family of secretory signaling molecules that are involved in several fundamental biological progress. These proteins share a unique multimodular organization and present a partial identity with four families of regulatory proteins controling growth and development. The book covers the roles of CCN proteins in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation during normal development, wound repair, chondrogenesis and bone development, angiogenesis, tissue regeneration, fibrosis, renal diseases and cancer development.