This report is one of a number of studies of local government which have been carried on in connection with the various programs of the Tennessee Valley Authority. It undertakes to describe some of the more important developments and trends in county government in the seven Tennessee Valley States. The study also outlines the organization and functions of counties and evaluates their suitability for administering the increasingly important services they now perform.

Nickajack Dam was built by TVA in the mid-1960's at Tennessee River mile 424.7 to replace the old and leaking Hales Bar Dam located 6.4 miles upstream. The Nickajack site is located in Marion County, Tennessee, 18 air miles west of Chattanooga and about 2 miles northwest of the junction of the Alabama-Georgia-Tennessee State lines. Historically, the ancient Indian town of Nickajack was located at Shellmound, about a mile and a half upstream from the dam on the left bank of the reservoir. Nickajack was inhabited by the Cherokees as early as 1730. In 1784 the warlike Chief Dragging Canoe, who had earlier broken with the Cherokees, launched his marauding Chickamaugas from the town and used the nearby Nickajack Cave as a hideout. Later, during the Civil War, saltpeter was mined in the cave for Confederate gunpowder.

Cherokee is the tenth major hydro project authorized for construction of the Tennessee Valley Authority and the seventh to be completed. The dam is located at mile 52.3 on the Holston River which unites with the French Broad River just above Knoxville to form the Tennessee River. This main tributary project was the first of several TVA dams authorized under World War II emergency program and constructed on an emergency basis. Although operated primarily for power during the war emergency, Cherokee forms an integral unit in the overall system of water control projects in the Tennessee Valley, and under normal multiple purpose operation aids in reducing main-river flood stages and in stabilizing low water flows.