English and Spanish text about a cat and a rat introduces the short "a" sound.

Since the publication of the still very valuable Biblioteca histórica de la filología by Cipriano Muñoz y Manzano, conde de la Viñaza (Madrid, 1893), our knowledge of the history of the study of the Spanish language has grown considerably, and most manuscript and secondary sources had never been tapped before Hans-Josef Niederehe of the University of Trier courageously undertook the task to bring together any available bibliographical information together with much more recent research findings, scattered in libraries, journals and other places. The resulting Bibliografía cronológica de la lingüística, la gramática y la lexicografía del español: Desde los principios hasta el año 1600 (BICRES) began appearing in 1994. BICRES I covered the period from the early beginnings to 1600), followed by BICRES II (1601–1700), BICRES III (1701–1800), and together with Miguel Ángel Esparza Torres of Madrid there followed BICRES IV (1801 to 1860). Now, the fifth volume, has become available, covering the years from 1861 to 1899. Access to the bibliographical information of altogether 5,272 titles is facilitated by several detailed indexes, such as a short title index, a listing of printers, publishers and places of production, and an author index. More than twenty years of research in the major libraries of Spain and other European countries have gone into this unique work — relative sources of the Americas have also been covered — making it exhaustive source for any serious scholar of any possible aspect of the Spanish language.

e-Research y español LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital es el primer volumen que aborda de manera conjunta las aportaciones al español LE/L2 de la lingüística de corpus, la biblioteconomía y la edición digital. Es excelente para mejorar las técnicas de investigación a la vez que se toma conciencia sobre el uso de las tecnologías en los estudios sobre el español LE/L2. Características principales: visión interdisciplinar e internacional a partir del trabajo de expertos que ejercen su actividad docente, investigadora y profesional en diferentes ámbitos y en distintos países; planteamiento teórico-práctico mediante la exposición de una reflexión teórica y la descripción de casos prácticos; sólido marco teórico que se presenta en los dos primeros capítulos; estructura homogénea dividida en útiles apartados (necesidades, cómo ayudan las tecnologías y casos concretos) para que el lector pueda localizar los contenidos con facilidad; lectura del volumen que puede ser lineal (capítulo tras capítulo) o transversal (por ejemplo, los casos prácticos que se presentan en cada capítulo); materiales complementarios en línea, como, por ejemplo, glosario hipertextual y enlaces a los corpus y programas mencionados en los capítulos. Escrito en español, de manera clara y accesible, y con abundantes ejemplos e ilustraciones, e-Research y español LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital es ideal para todas aquellas personas vinculadas con la investigación en torno al español LE/L2: estudiantes de máster y doctorado, directores de tesis (PhD o máster) y profesores. e-Research y español LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital is the first volume that jointly addresses the contributions of corpus linguistics, librarianship and digital publishing to Spanish as a second or foreign language (LE/L2). It is excellent for improving research techniques while raising awareness about the use of technologies in studies of Spanish LE/L2. Main features: interdisciplinary and international vision based on the work of experts who carry out their teaching, research and professional activities in different fields and in different countries; theoretical-practical approach through the presentation of a theoretical reflection and the description of practical cases; solid theoretical framework which is presented in the first two chapters; each chapter is divided into three useful sections (needs, how technologies help, and specific cases) so that the reader can easily locate the contents; reading can be linear (chapter by chapter) or transversal (for example, the practical cases presented in each chapter); supplementary online materials include a hypertext glossary and links to the corpus and programs mentioned in the chapters. Written in Spanish, in a clear and accessible way, and with abundant examples and illustrations, e-Research y español LE/L2: Investigar en la era digital is ideal for all those involved in research on Spanish LE/L2, master's and doctoral students, thesis supervisors and professors.

Ana is socially awkward college student. She focused more on her studies than making friends. She needed to study hard because she wanted to be an engineer. She didn't have close friends. Those that she called friends were actually just her study partners. She would get together with her "friends" 3 times a week to study various subjects. But on occasion, they would talk about problems or misunderstandings in their relationships. These talks would make Ana very uncomfortable because she never had a relationship before and was ashamed that she had nothing to contribute. After a year of hearing her study partners talk about their relationships Ana decided to put effort into finding a boyfriend. While shopping online she noticed an online ad for a dating site.