Microfluidic biochips have gained prominence due to their versatile applications to biochemistry and health-care domains such as point-of-care clinical diagnosis of tropical and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, toxicity analysis, and for the mitigation of the global HIV crisis, among others. Microfluidic Lab-on-Chips (LoCs) offer a convenient platform for emulating various fluidic operations in an automated fashion. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of fluidic operations, the outcome of biochemical experiments performed on-chip can be erroneous even if the chip is tested a priori and deemed to be defect-free. This book focuses on the issues encountered in reliable sample preparation with digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs), particularly in an error-prone environment. It presents state-of-the-art error management techniques and underlying algorithmic challenges along with their comparative discussions. Describes a comprehensive framework for designing a robust and error-tolerant biomedical system which will help in migrating from cumbersome medical laboratory tasks to small-sized LOC-based systems Presents a comparative study on current error-tolerant strategies for robust sample preparation using DMFBs and reports on efficient algorithms for error-tolerant sample dilution using these devices Illustrates how algorithmic engineering, cyber-physical tools, and software techniques are helpful in implementing fault tolerance Covers the challenges associated with design automation for biochemical sample preparation Teaches how to implement biochemical protocols using software-controlled microfluidic biochips Interdisciplinary in its coverage, this reference is written for practitioners and researchers in biochemical, biomedical, electrical, computer, and mechanical engineering, especially those involved in LOC or bio-MEMS design.

Microfluidic biochips have gained prominence due to their versatile applications to biochemistry and health-care domains such as point-of-care clinical diagnosis of tropical and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, toxicity analysis, and for the mitigation of the global HIV crisis, among others. Microfluidic Lab-on-Chips (LoCs) offer a convenient platform for emulating various fluidic operations in an automated fashion. However, because of the inherent uncertainty of fluidic operations, the outcome of biochemical experiments performed on-chip can be erroneous even if the chip is tested a priori and deemed to be defect-free. This book focuses on the issues encountered in reliable sample preparation with digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs), particularly in an error-prone environment. It presents state-of-the-art error management techniques and underlying algorithmic challenges along with their comparative discussions. Describes a comprehensive framework for designing a robust and error-tolerant biomedical system which will help in migrating from cumbersome medical laboratory tasks to small-sized LOC-based systems Presents a comparative study on current error-tolerant strategies for robust sample preparation using DMFBs and reports on efficient algorithms for error-tolerant sample dilution using these devices Illustrates how algorithmic engineering, cyber-physical tools, and software techniques are helpful in implementing fault tolerance Covers the challenges associated with design automation for biochemical sample preparation Teaches how to implement biochemical protocols using software-controlled microfluidic biochips Interdisciplinary in its coverage, this reference is written for practitioners and researchers in biochemical, biomedical, electrical, computer, and mechanical engineering, especially those involved in LOC or bio-MEMS design.

The book constitutes peer-reviewed proceedings of a workshop on Emerging Electronics Devices, Circuits, and Systems (EEDCS) held in conjunction with International Symposium on Devices, Circuits, and Systems (ISDCS 2022). The book focuses on the recent development in devices, circuits, and systems. It also discusses innovations, trends, practical challenges, and solutions adopted in device design, modeling, fabrication, characterization, and their circuit implementation with pertinent system applications. It will be useful for researchers, developers, engineers, academicians, and students.

Advanced Materials for Wastewater Treatment and Desalination: Fundamentals to Applications offers a comprehensive overview of current progress in the development of advanced materials used in wastewater treatment and desalination. The book is divided into two major sections, covering both fundamentals and applications. This book: Describes the synthesis and modification of advanced materials, including metal oxides, carbonaceous materials, perovskite-based materials, polymer-based materials, and advanced nanocomposites Examines relevant synthesis routes and mechanisms as well as correlates materials' properties with their characterization Details new fabrication techniques including green synthesis, solvent-free, and energy-saving synthesis approaches Highlights various applications, such as removal of organic contaminants, discoloration of dye wastewater, petrochemical wastewater treatment, and electrochemically-enhanced water treatment With chapters written by leading researchers from around the world, this book will be of interest to chemical, materials, and environmental engineers working on progressing materials applications to improve water treatment technologies.

Biosensors: Fundamentals, Emerging Technologies, and Applications provides insight into the sensing applications of different types of biosensors relating to environmental pollutants, microbiological analysis, and healthcare. It describes state-of-the-art research in biosensors, point of care testing, potential applications, as well as future prospects for biosensors. This book: Presents the essentials that readers need to know to make full use of biosensor technology Discusses recent perspectives on optical and electrochemical biosensors Details biosensor types for medical applications Teaches how to use enzymes for biological recognition in biomarker assays Proposes innovations in wearable and smart biosensors This book is aimed at advanced students, researchers, and academics across a broad interdisciplinary field including biochemical, pharmaceutical, and environmental engineering as well as materials science, analytical chemistry, and biosciences.

Hybrid Polymeric Nanocomposites from Agricultural Waste examines the use of agricultural by-products for green production of new materials. It covers nanoparticle synthesis from agricultural wastes and nanocomposite development with a focus on polyethylene, polylactic acid, polymethylmethacrylate, and epoxy resins, and considers possible biomedical and engineering applications. Showcases agricultural waste as polymer reinforcements to replace expensive synthetic fibres that discourage wide polymeric nanocomposite applications Discusses green synthesis and characterisation of hybrid nanocomposites from polylactic acid, polymethylmethacrylate, recycled/new polyethylene, and epoxy resins Contrasts hybrid nanocomposites properties with standard nanocomposites, using automotive case studies The book is aimed at researchers, advanced students, and industrial professionals in materials, polymer, and mechanical engineering and related areas interested in the development and application of sustainable materials.

Supercapacitors are energy storing devices, gaining great scientific attention due to their excellent cycling life, charge-discharge stability, energy, and power density. The central theme of this book is to review the multiple applications of polymer nanocomposites in supercapacitors in a comprehensive manner, including discussions pertaining to various unresolved issues and new challenges in the subject area. It illustrates polymer nanocomposite preparation and working mechanisms as electrodes, binders, separators, and electrolytes. This edited volume also explains different components of supercapacitors, including theory, modelling, and simulation aspects. Features: Covers the synthesis and properties of polymer nanocomposites for varied usage. Explains roles of different types of nanofillers in polymeric systems for developing supercapacitors. Highlights theory, modelling, and simulation of polymeric supercapacitors. Gives an illustrative overview of the multiple applications of polymers and their nanocomposites. Includes graphene, CNT, nanoparticle, carbon, and nano-cellulose-based supercapacitors. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials science, polymer science, polymer physics, electrochemistry, electronic materials, energy management, electronic engineering, polymer engineers, and chemical engineering.